小气孔

Compared with diploidy seedlings of P.elongate,leaf length and stomata size of tetraploid becomes bigger,the leaf length/width ratio and stomata density becomes smaller.

变异植株叶片比二倍体大，叶片长宽比变小，叶片单个气孔变大，气孔密度变小。

The pugging process experiment of silica brick pug was made in Φ1 600×450 wet pan mill to study the change rule of main component mixing homogeneity and molding performance of the pug. The results showed that the pervasion and mixing concurred when diversified materials acceded to the wet pan mill, prolonging time in dry-mixed and wet-mixed periods had no action for increasing mixing homogeneity with pugging time prolonging, the molding performance was improved and the porosity of silica brick adobe had downtrend, but prolonging time after pugging 14 min the effect was not remarkable.

通过对Φ1 600×450湿碾机混练硅砖泥料过程中泥料主要成分的混合均匀度、泥料成型性能的变化规律研究，发现在各种物料加入湿碾机时，同时存在着扩散混合作用，延长干混、湿混阶段的时间，对于提高混合均匀度实际上没有意义；随捏练时间延长，泥料成型性能改善，砖坯气孔率呈下降趋势，但捏练14 min以后继续延长捏练时间，采用正常压制制度时，砖坯气孔率降低值已经很小。

In addition,the leaves of the control plants appeared to be much reder than the transgenic tomato,and the change were obvious followed by far from the treated time at low temperature,which suggested that the constituently expression of the chloroplast sHSP had some protective fountions to the tomato at low temperature.2 Effect on contents of MDAMDA is the product that membrane lipid peroxide and the contents of MDA in plants can reflect the degree of the damage that the plants are encountered to some extent.

低温处理6周后，转基因苗叶片中chla，cib含量及叶绿素总量明显高于对照，反应叶绿体中类囊体垛叠程度的chla／the比值也大于对照，可见冷害条件下转基因植株体内叶绿素的破坏程度小。4））t％hs用：低温Al：Pll6周，测定植物光合作用的重要指标净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、胞间隙CQZ鹏，结果显示赂因番茄的即雏率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度均明显高于对照，而胞间隙COZ 氏于对照。

The results showed that there were differences between adaption and regulation of different wheat varieties by prophyl dihydro jasmonate, so as to show diversity of gas exchange parameters, such as photosynthesis, water usage, etc. There was no evident difference between the reaction of two spring wheats (Jinchun1 and 1608) and the winter wheat (Xiaoyan 22) to PDJ. Different parameters of different wheat varieties had inequable reaction to different concentration of PDJ. Photosynthesis rate, water use efficiency and stomatal limiting value were enhanced when PDJ concentration reached a high degree. At the same time, leaf transpiration rate and stomatal conductance decreased. Therefore, wheat could maintain normal physiological activities while environmental conditions were changed.

结果发现，面对类似激素双氢茉莉酸丙酯调控下的不同品种小麦适应与调节存在差异，从而导致光合和水分利用等气体交换参数的表现也存在差异；两种春小麦（金春1号、l608）和一种冬小麦（小偃22）之间对PDJ的反应没有明显的冬春性间的差别；对不同品种、不同参数，PDJ起到作用的浓度不同，但无论如何PDJ都有相同的作用，当这种激素达到一定的浓度后，就会增强小麦的光合速率和水分利用率，增加气孔限制值，降低叶片的蒸腾速率和气孔导度，从而在外界条件变化时保持体内水分、延缓气孔关闭，维持体内正常的生理活动。

The porosity and pore size distribution of HVFA pastes and concretes were determined by autoscan porosimeter. The results show that excessive fly ash content and comparatively high water-cementitious materials ratio will cause a big increase in porosity and harmful pore in HVFA pastes.

首次把X射线小角散射技术用于测定高掺量粉煤灰水泥浆体气孔—固体界面的分形维数，并就粉煤灰掺量、水胶比对气孔—固体界面分形维数的影响进行了分析，发现过高的粉煤灰掺量和较大的水胶比均会使分形维数大幅度增加。

It shows that the environmental factors such as water and altitude et al., effects stomatal density more, and stomatal index less.

这表明气孔密度易受水份和高度等环境因素的影响；而这些因素对气孔指数的影响则相对要小。

Main conclusions are as follows:(1) changes of leaf morphological and anatomical structures with tree height:25 researched tree species exhibited xeromorphic structures at tree top,that is,toward tree top,leaves were with 1 increased cuticle thickness;2 developed palisade tissue and even double-palisade structure;3 densely arranged tissue cells;4 smaller cells;5 thicker epidermis,smaller and denser stomata;6 smaller and thicker leaf,great LMA value.

本文主要得出以下结论：(1)叶片结构随树高的变化：研究的25种树种表现为越往树顶处：1角质层越厚；2栅栏组织越发达，全栅特征越明显；3叶组织细胞排列越紧密；4叶肉细胞越小；5表皮层越厚，气孔越小而密、单叶的气孔总面积越小；6叶片越小而厚，LMA越大。

The presence of small blowholes (2-4#m), caused by escaping volatiles, is evident on the rather rough surface of these chars.

这些半焦的粗糙表面明显有挥发物逃逸时造成的小气孔（2-4微米）。

The guard cells were covered with heavy cuticle and sunken stomata, which were the typical characteristics of xerophytes.

麻黄属植物气孔的类型及特征比较固定和保守，气孔的大小、形状仅在种内有变异，种间差异较小，分种的价值不大，但在植物分类上具有重要的鉴定价值。

The results showed that the plant had the character of damp-inhabiting, the cutical on the epidermis of stem and leaf is rather thin but without wax-layer, its stomata protrude clearly on the lower surface of leaf, the rate of palisade parenchyma and spongy parenchyma is rather low and the cortex is well developed in root.

结果表明蓝靛果具有明显的湿生特征：茎、叶表皮的角质层薄，无蜡被；叶片上表皮细胞甚大，无气孔，下表皮细胞小，气孔明显突起；叶脉导管直径小，壁薄；叶肉栅栏组织/海绵组织小；根的皮层发达，富细胞间隙。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。