小梁

The horizontal bending moment and bending stress of the crossbeams rise quickly with increasing of the constraint stiffness of the lower chord joint to the crossbeam, the axial stress of the low chords and the continuous length of the floor system and with decreasing of the distance between the stringer and the low chord.

桥面系的连续长度和下弦杆的轴应力越大、下弦杆结点对于横梁的约束刚度越大、纵梁与下弦杆的距离越小，横梁的面外弯矩和弯曲应力越大。

In this dissertation, the arch bridge was discretized by the FEM according to its structural characteristics with the spatial beam element simulating the tied beams, end floor beams, middle floor beams, arch ribs and the like and with the spatial link element simulating the suspenders to erect the bridges spatial mechanical computational finite element model.

该拱桥的拱肋主要承受压力，弯矩较小；系杆梁虽然是一拉弯构件，但由于布置有多道预应力筋，截面全跨受压；吊杆张拉力比较均匀，且吊杆张拉力对桥面系的线形控制作用比较明显；桥梁各构件受力和变形均在桥梁设计规范规定范围之内，表明桥梁结构受力合理。

Chestnut soil in an elevation of 2200-2800 meters ditch horse business, Jackdaws small ditch on the south side of the fire northwest of Chung Ling, Donggou, Zhang Bailu, XIAOLIUGOU, West Osaka Liang, Yan Hua stockade on the south side, the north slope of the Qilian Alluvial fan, a total of 202.56 million.

栗钙土 分布在海拔2200-2800米处的马营沟、小寒鸦沟南侧、火松岭西北侧、东沟、白露掌、大柳沟、西大坂梁、严家花寨子南侧、祁连北坡冲积扇上，共202.56万亩。

According to the investigation of the analytical results, it can be seen that the vertical seismic excitation may enhance the vertical displacement and the bending moment at mid-span of the beam, but have little effect on the variation of the axial force and ultimate carrying capacity of column.

通过分析研究，表明竖向地震作用会加大框架梁的垂直位移和跨中弯矩，但对框架柱轴力的加大作用及极限承载力的影响相对较小。

After installing the rubber bearing, the temperature and shrinkage stress drops greatly. The stress in the beam and column minishes apparently so that the problem of column's large stress is solved.

安装橡胶支座后，约束变小，结构温度应力大大减小，梁柱应力下降尤其明显，特别是解决了端部柱应力过大的问题。

The force transmission, due to the crane trolley wheel pressure, from rail to bias-rail box girder belongs to the nonlinear contact. There is a coupling relationship between the deformation of contact area and the stress distribution.

小车轮压作用下，轨道与偏轨箱形梁之间力的传递属于接触非线性问题，接触面间的变形和应力分布存在相互耦合的关系。

Continuous rigid frame bridge has smooth-going deck and because of the softness of the high-pier, the moment of piers' bottom is smaller compared to T- rigid frame bridge.

连续刚构这种桥型结构刚度好、抗震性能好、墩梁固结利于悬臂施工，减少了大型支座的养护维修和更换，与T形刚构相比，行车平顺舒适，由于桥墩具有一定柔度，桥墩根部所受弯距很小。

Through the following experiment the author complete 8 short-span coupling beam specimens with master Zhanlin.

在后续的系列试验中作者与硕士研究生詹霖一起完成了8个配置交叉斜筋的小跨高比连梁的试验。

Then through series experiment of coupling beams only add diagonal bars on the basis of traditional reinforcement with Zhanlin, we can conclude this plan for steel bar can satisfied the ductility demand of short-span coupling beams in tube body structure of Chongqing area. Through the computer simulation we can know: Procedures outputs coupling beams'ductility demand mainly in 1.5 to2.0 (maximum value 2.2), comparing the simulation of 8 or 9 degree , we can see the response of the whole structure and yielding degree are much small.

计算机分析程序输出的连梁的转角延性大多在1.5到2.0之间(最大值2.2)，对比以往本学科点对8度和9度等高烈度区的同类型结构的地震作用模拟分析可以看出，6度区大震作用下不管是结构的整体反应还是各杆件的屈服情况都比高9度和8度区小很多。

It is very easy to understand and grasp the calculation model's parameters estimation of a large span box-beam bridge with the least square method, and the theory's effect on the cantilever construction control of the bridge with a main span below 100m is obvious and well.

对主跨≤100m的大跨连续箱梁桥悬臂施工控制，采用最小二乘法进行参数估计，较容易理解和掌握，而且施工控制效果良好，具有一定借鉴意义。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。