小桩

Meanwhile,by analyzing the calculation results of NL Method,and using Least Squares Method or Lagrange's Interpolation Polynomial Curves to simulate the relationship between horizontal force and deformation of both Steel-pile Cluster and Rubber Fender separately,the energy allocation rate of Steel-pile Cluster and Rubber Fender can be determined.

采用NL法来计算桩身内力和变形，同时，对NL法计算出的多个结果进行分析，并采用最小二乘法或Lagrange插值多项式曲线分别模拟钢簇桩和橡胶护舷承受的水平力和相应的变形之间的关系来求解钢簇桩和橡胶护舷能量分配比例。

The lateral friction of piles developed with small displacement mutably. At the same time, the tip resistance could not develop. So the tip resistance should be cautiously considered when the bearing capacity of extra long piles was designed.

桩侧摩阻力发挥所需位移较小且有突变性，桩端阻力则基本不能得到发挥，超长桩在承载力设计时应谨慎考虑桩端阻力。

Numerical simulation and shaking table tests for acceleration response of piles in liquefiable ground were performed under three earthquake events.

结果表明：三种地震输入下，自下而上沿桩-柱墩长度方向，加速度峰值放大系数变化基本一致且均出现在10～20s时段内，加速度时程曲线的形状也极其相似；压缩0.15g El Centro波输入下加速度反应在砂土层与黏土层过渡带有增大趋势、在地表则有一定程度减小，且压缩0.15g El Centro波较0.15g El Centro波输入下均偏小，0.15g El Cen-tro波输入下自下而上桩的加速度时程幅值和峰值放大系数的试验值、计算值均一直有较大幅度增大；0.5g El Centro波输入下，加速度时程幅值的计算值和试验值在桩折断位置之下一直增大、至砂土层与黏土层过渡带则大大减小，加速度峰值放大系数的试验值和计算值在砂土层与黏土层过渡带突变增大、而在地表则明显减小，且较0.15g El Centro波输入下桩的峰值放大系数要偏小。

The load transfer and settlement behavior from the simulation results are also analyzed: most of the column load concentrates on the enlarged column cap, and distributes quickly, there is more load attenuation at the variable section. The skin friction of enlarged column cap develops more adequately than underside column. The column settlement concentrates on enlarged column cap, and soil settlement concentrates on a little area below the variable section.

利用三维数值模拟分析了钉形搅拌桩复合地基的荷载传递和变形特性：钉形搅拌桩桩身荷载主要集中在扩大头部分，且衰减较快，变截面处桩身轴力有较大衰减，扩大头桩侧摩阻力较大，下部桩体侧摩阻力较小；桩身变形集中在扩大头，桩间土变形则集中在变截面以下较短范围内。

After analysizing the results of SSRFEM and centrifugal model test, someconclusions are drawn that, the depth of slip surface implies that the Bishopssimplied method cannot indicate the true failure mechanism for the slopes reinforcedwith piles. The rate of safety factors decreases with the pile spacing decreasing, andthe salty factor of the slopes is the largest when the reinforced piles are installed in themiddle of the slopes, regardless of pile head confining conditions, and the deflection,maximum bending moment and shear force in the reinforced piles in the criticalcollapse are the biggest meantime. The fixed and hinged head condition of the pilesresults in smaller bending moment in the piles than that in unrotated and free headcondition, therefore the restrained pile head condition is recommended in the design.

3不同特性与工况下抗滑桩与土体相互作用的数值分析与离心模型试验研究表明：采用简化Bishop法计算得到的滑动面不能反映抗滑桩加固边坡的破坏机理，抗滑桩设置在边坡中部和减小桩间距有利于提高边坡稳定安全系数，而此时抗滑桩在边坡临界破坏时的挠度、最大弯矩和最大剪力相对较大；桩头固定、铰接与桩头自由、平移相比，所加固边坡的整体水平位移及边坡临界破坏时抗滑桩的最大弯矩相对较小，而稳定安全系数则较大，因此在进行抗滑桩设计时应尽量选择桩头固定与铰接的型式，或对桩头进行锚固以改善抗滑桩的受力特性，提高边坡的稳定安全性状。

Monitored on the spot, the deformation characters of these supporting constructions are studied. Campared the calculation translocatins with the monitored translocations, the thesis believes that the translocation can be calculated by the method of "m", when the supporting structures produce small information. The translocation can be calculated by the mothod of "rigid frusta" or "the experiential expressions of shanghai area", when the supporting structures such as cement-soil wall in soft soil area produce big information.

通过实测，研究了小直径双排桩、水泥土深搅桩、土钉墙、放坡开挖等支护类型的变形特性，并用实测位移值与不同位移计算方法得出的结果进行了比较，认为对变形较小的支护类型可以采用& m&法计算位移，而对于软土基坑中变形较大的支护结构重力墙不适宜采用&m&法，其计算可以采用和参照&刚性墩&法和&上海地区经验公式&法。

3D effect is analyzed and the average velocity of wave propagating in the pile, which mainly influences inverse interpretation, is discussed. Finally, the theory results are verified by model experiment. It is shown that 3D results have the same phase with ID results. The pile radius, the duration of impulse, the ratio of hammer radius to pile radius and shear velocity of the soil around the pile have influences on 3D effect. The best position of receiver is 0.55R from the pile center. The average velocity of wave propagating in the pile reduces due to transversal inertia effect and 3D effect.

结果表明：三维曲线与一维结果在相位特征上一致；波场图直观地反映了波在桩中的传播规律；三维效应与桩径、激振脉冲宽度、相对激振半径及桩周土剪切波速有关；传感器放在0.55R处可以得到干扰较小的信号；三维效应和横向惯性效应的存在会使桩中的波速减小，土的性质对波速影响不大；反演精度与缺陷的性质、激振条件有关。

In the pile-driving process, because of its excellent qualities of low noise, low pollution and high working efficiency etc, the HSPD(hydraulic static pile-driver) has already been used widely and has already become an important equipment in the construction work.

在桩基础施工中，液压静力沉桩机以其低噪音、污染小和工作效率高的优良性能获得了广泛的应用，已经成为桩基础施工中一种重要的施工设备。

In this paper , under the circumstance of small cross section of short piles driving into the shallow hard stratum, the authors use SCPT index to calculate driving resistance and considers the strength of the pile shaft to analyze.

采用 小截面混凝土短桩，是一种常见的桩基设计方法，可以充分发挥桩基中每立方混凝土的承载力，其经济意义是显而易见的。但在实际桩基施工过程中，沉桩往往产生截桩及桩头受损破坏等现象。

The time-history velocity response signal of pile can be decomposed by Sym wavelet. The power spectrum value can be extracted from some specified spectrum range. These values from one signal makes up the characteristic vector representing this signal. The relationship between characteristic vector of pile and pile defect type can he established by using BP artificial neural network. Abundant time-history velocity response signals of pile can be acquired by numerical simulation method.

利用Sym小波对基桩速度响应时程曲线进行小波分解，对指定频带上的信号分量进行特征值提取，提取的特征值为反映各频带范围内体现能量分布的功率谱均值，提取的特征值可构成反映信号特征的特征向量，同时利用BP人工神经网络的非线性映射特性建立特征向量和基桩缺陷类别之间的一种对应关系。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了