小支气管

"In the lungs, the bronchi further divided into smaller and smaller bronchi, and finally into bronchioles."

在肺里，主支气管又进一步分为越来越小的支气管。最后分成细支气管。

Results:① Thin-slice reconstruction, MPR and VR provided higher detecting rate of small peripheral pulmonary adenocarcinonia signs than conventional axial images, including lobulation, spiculation, pleural indentation and bronchovascular convergence;② MPR and VR was superior to axial thin-slice reconstruction in judging the presence of the vacuolar sign, air-bronchogram and bronchovascular convergence.

结果：①64层CT薄层重建、MPR及VR在显示肺小腺癌的分叶征、毛刺征、胸膜凹陷征及支气管血管集束征方面优于常规横断面；②MPR及VR对于空泡征、支气管气相和支气管血管集束征的判别有优势。

Results: Amang 128 patients, 56 cases were diagnosed as pulmonary carcinoma (43.75%), of which 30 cases were squamous carcinoma (53.57%), 22 cases were adenocarcinoma (39.29%), 4 cases were small cell undifferentiated carcinoma (7.14%); 37 cases were bronchial pneumonia (28.91%), in which 30 cases were given brush sampling, bacterial culture of BALF, the detectable rate of pathogenic bacteria were 50%(15 cases) and 40%(12eases) respectively; 12 eases were pulmonary tuberculosis (9.38%), of which 3 eases (25%) had concurrent endobronchial tuberculosis, smear of brush biopsy and BALF found Mycobacterium tuberculosis were 11 eases (91.67%) and 5 eases (41.67%) respectively, 2 eases were diagnosed as caseous tubereulous granuloma (16.67%); 2 eases were idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (1.56%), lease was lymphoma of long.

结果：128例患者确诊为肺癌56例(43.75%)，其中鳞癌30例(53.57%)，腺癌22例(39.29%)，小细胞癌4例(7.14%)；支气管肺部炎症病变37例(28.91%)，其中30例经防污毛刷采样、支气管肺泡灌洗液行细菌学培养，病原菌的检出率分别为50%（15例）和40%（12例）；肺结核12例(9.38%)，其中合并支气管内膜结核3例(25%)，刷检涂片和支气管肺泡灌洗液找到结核杆菌分别为11例(91.67%)和5例(41.67%)，病理确诊为结核性乾酪样肉芽肿2例(16.67%)；特发性肺间质纤维化2例(1.56%)，肺淋巴瘤1例(0.78%)。

Pleural calcification was missed by chest film but found in 4 by CT. Pleural effusion was noted in 3 by chest film and 4 by CT. HRCT is superior to conventional chest film in demonstrating the changes in the seconday pulmonary lobule such as focal emphysema, interlobular septa thickness and bronchiolar wall thickness.

胸部x光显示肋膜增厚者10例，CT18例，肋膜钙化者无，CT4例，肋膜积水者3例，CT4例，高解像力电脑断层检查更可显示次级肺小叶內的变化如局部气肿，小叶问隔增厚，小支气管壁增厚，这些均优於传统胸部x光片。

The tissue section of transbronchial lung biopsy specimens showed diffusedly infiltrated small lymphocytes and a lymphoepithelial lesion. CD20 was positive and CD3, CD5, CD10, CD21, CD23, bc12, bc16 were negative in immunohistochemical stain.

支气管镜下可见左肺下叶、右肺中叶支气管狭窄，用支气管镜进行透壁肺活检，病理为小淋巴细胞弥漫浸润，可见淋巴上皮病变；免疫组化CD20阳性，CD3，CD5，CD10，CD21，CD23，Bc12和Bc16阴性。

Resujts:① The distribution of lesions are mostly symmetrical, extensive, predominant in the middle and lower lung fields, and posterior areas in peripheral;② There are so many HRCT findings of lung, ILD is predominant: intralobular interstitial thickening 46 cases (100%), ground-glass opacity 41 cases (89.13%), peribronchovascular or centrilobular interstitial thickening 40 cases (86.96%), interlobular septal thickening 38 cases (82.61%), irregular linear opacity 37 cases (80.43%), small nodular opacity 34 cases (73.91%), subpleural line 27 cases (58.70%), bmnchiectasis or bronchiolectasis 19 cases (41.30%), patch opacity 18 cases (39.13%), expiratory mosaic sign 15 cases (32.61%), interface sign 14 cases (30.43%), honeycombing 12 cases (26.09%), emphysema or bulla 3 cases, cystic airspace suspected 1 case, and atelectasis suspected 1 case;③ Mediastinum and pleura: multiple small lymphonodi in mediastinum 41 cases (89.13%), pleural thickening or rough 38 cases (82.61%), esophagoectasis 11 cases (23.91%), unilateral little pleural fluid 1 case, and mediastinal emphysema 1 case.

结果：①皮肌炎肺部病变分布呈对称、广泛、偏中下、偏外后的特点；②肺部HRCT表现多样，以肺间质性改变为主：小叶内间质增厚46例(100%)，磨玻璃影41例(89.13%)，支气管血管束增宽或小叶核心增大40例(86.96%)，小叶间隔增厚38例(82.61%)，不规则纤维索条影37例(80.43%)，结节影34例(73.91%)，胸膜下线27例(58.70%)，支气管或细支气管扩张19例(41.30%)，斑片影18例(39.13%)，呼气相马赛克征15例(32.61%)，界面征14例(30.43%)，蜂窝影12例(26.09%)，肺气肿或肺大泡3例，单纯囊状气腔1例，肺不张l例；③纵隔及胸膜：纵隔小淋巴结影41例(89.13%)，胸膜增厚或毛糙38例(82.61%)，食管扩张11例(23.91%)，单侧少量性胸腔积液1例，纵隔气肿1例。

The HRCT findings in patients with BOOP include: 1 patchy consolidation (seen in 80% of cases) or ground-glass opacity (in 60% of cases), often with a subpleural and/or peribronchial distribution; and 2 small ill-defined nodules (30-50% of cases) which may be peribronchial or peribronchiolar.

HRCT上BOOP的表现包括：1、斑片状实变（见于80％的病例）或毛玻璃样影（见于60％的病例），通常位于胸膜下和/或支气管旁；和2、边界不清的小结节（见于30～50％的病例），可于支气管旁或细支气管旁。

The epithelium of the smaller bronchi was fragmented and partially desquamated.

较小支气管的上皮破裂和部分脱落。

Results CT and HRCT had more sensitivity and specificity than X-ray chest film.There were more image manifestations in HRCT such as grand grass,net,line,nodular,honeycombing,bronchiectasis,honeycombing cyst,peribronchovascular interstitial thickening and irregularity.There were significant difference between them （P.05）.These patients who were suspected IIP had better control and remission after being treated with hormone and immuno-suppressive drug.

结果 胸部CT在诊断方面比常规胸片有较大的优越性，HRCT则有更高的敏感性和特异性，HRCT表现出磨玻璃影、网状、线条、小结节、蜂窝影，支气管扩张、细支气管扩张、支气管壁和血管壁增厚及不规则等征象，12例临床疑诊为间质性肺炎的患者，经胸部HRCT诊断的12例，而胸部平片诊断的仅有2例，二者比较差异有显著性（P.05），HRCT疑诊的IIP患者，经临床激素及免疫抑制剂治疗，病情均得到控制或缓解。

objective to compare image manifestations values between high resolution computerized tomography and x-ray chest film in idiopathic interstitial pneumonia in the elderly.methods we analysed and compared image manifestations between hrct and x-ray chest film with 12 cases of clinically suspected iip in the elderly.results ct and hrct had more sensitivity and specificity than x-ray chest film.there were more image manifestations in hrct such as grand grass,net,line,nodular,honeycombing,bronchiectasis,honeycombing cyst,peribronchovascular interstitial thickening and irregularity.there were significant difference between them （p.05）.these patients who were suspected iip had better control and remission after being treated with hormone and immuno-suppressive drug.conclusion it have more significant virtues in hrct to manifest iip in the elderly than x-ray chest film,and it also may manifest iip curative effect.

目的 比较高分辨断层摄影术、x线胸片检查对老年特发性间质性肺炎的诊断价值。方法对12例临床疑诊为间质性肺炎的老年患者，进行胸部hrct与胸部平片检查，并对照分析。结果胸部ct在诊断方面比常规胸片有较大的优越性，hrct则有更高的敏感性和特异性，hrct表现出磨玻璃影、网状、线条、小结节、蜂窝影，支气管扩张、细支气管扩张、支气管壁和血管壁增厚及不规则等征象，12例临床疑诊为间质性肺炎的患者，经胸部hrct诊断的12例，而胸部平片诊断的仅有2例，二者比较差异有显著性（p.05），hrct疑诊的iip患者，经临床激素及免疫抑制剂治疗，病情均得到控制或缓解。结论 hrct表现老年间质性肺炎的特点明显高于胸部平片，且hrct可以反映间质性肺炎的疗效。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。