小尖针

Flowers subsessile to distinctly pedicellate; pedicel 0.5--6(--10) mm, pubescent or puberulent; bract and bracteole usually borne at or near apex of pedicel; bract lanceolate to narrowly so, 3--12 mm, shorter than flower (sometimes a few bracts at base of raceme to 2 × flower length), glabrous, apex acute.

花有花梗近无柄的到明显；花梗0.5-6(-10)毫米，具短柔毛或微柔毛；苞片和小苞片通常着生在花梗的先端或近先端；苞片披针形到狭披针形，3-12毫米，短于花(有时几枚苞片在总状花序基部达2倍花长度)，无毛，先端锐尖。

Leaves sessile or subsessile; blade ovate or oblong to elliptic or oblanceolate or linear,(0.3-)0.8-2.5 cm × 3-12 mm; thickly papery to subleathery, abaxially glaucous or sometimes minutely papillose; laminar glands pale, dots, rather sparse, prominent above; intramarginal glands black, dense or irregular; main lateral veins 3- or 4-paired, sometimes forming ± marked submarginal vein, tertiary reticulation lax or obscure; base cuneate to angustate, margin entire and recurved, apex acute to rounded.

叶无柄或近无柄；线形的卵形的叶片或长圆形到椭圆形或倒披针形或，(0.3-)×3-12毫米0.8-2.5厘米；厚纸质到近革质，背面苍白或有时稍具小乳突；片状腺体苍白，小圆点，相当稀，在上面突出；近边缘内腺体黑色，浓或者不规则；主要侧脉3-或4对，有时形成多少显著的亚缘脉，第三级网脉疏松或不明显；基部楔形到狭，边缘全缘和下弯，先端锐尖到圆形。

Basal and lowermost cauline leaves compound, 5-9-foliolate; petiole (3-)8-15(-20) cm; leaflets broadly oblong, ovate, or lanceolate,(2-)4-7(-10)×(1-)2-3(-4) cm, base oblique, cuneate, or subtruncate, margin coarsely serrate with a distinct mucro at tooth apex, apex obtusely acuminate with a distinct mucro; petiolule 1-5(-20) mm. Upper cauline leaves 3- or 5-foliolate, becoming gradually smaller and narrower upward.

基部和最下的茎生叶复合，5-9具小叶；叶柄(3-)8-15(-20)厘米；小叶宽长圆形，卵形，或披针形，( 2-)4-7(-10)*(1-)2-3(-4)厘米，基部偏斜，楔形，或近截形，有粗锯齿的边缘具离生短尖头钝在齿先端，先端时候渐尖具离生短尖头；小叶柄1-5(-20)上面的毫米茎生叶3-或者具5小叶，向上变得逐渐更小和更狭窄。

Leaves with ultimate segments 0.3–1 mm broad, margin glabrous, lobes lacerate, acute; primary umbel not overtopped by laterals; bracteoles oblanceolate, 3-lobed to pinnate/pinnatifid at apex, apex acute; petals white to pink; fruit 6–10 mm.

叶具末回裂片0.3-1毫米宽，边缘无毛，撕裂状，锐尖的裂片；不被laterals 超过的初级的伞形花序；小苞片倒披针形，对羽状/羽状半裂的在先端3浅裂，先端锐尖；花瓣白色到粉红色果6-10毫米 20 Pleurospermum benthamii 宝兴棱子芹

Spikelets 1.3–1.8(–2.2) mm, olive green, occasionally violet tinged; glumes narrowly lanceolate-oblong, lower glume usually slightly longer than upper, sometimes equal, keeled, keel scabrid to aculeate, apex subacute; callus glabrous or nearly so; lemma 3/4–9/10 spikelet length, awnless, apex obtuse; palea 0.3–0.6 mm,(1/4–)1/3(–1/2) lemma length.

小穗1.3-1.8(-2.2)毫米，绿色的橄榄，偶有，紫色微染；颖片狭披针形长圆形，上面的稍长于的通常下部颖片，等长的有时，龙骨状，龙骨状对具皮刺，近尖的先端粗糙；胼胝体无毛或近无毛；外稃3/4-9/10个小穗长度，awnless，先端钝； 0.3-0.6毫米的内稃，(1/4-)1/3(-1/2)外稃长度。

Inflorescence spikelike, cylindrical, composed of spiny or bristly deciduous burrs arranged along an angular, often sinuous rachis; burrs sessile or with an obconical basal stipe, each composed of 1 or more sessile spikelets surrounded by an involucre of spines and bristles; bristles flexuous or more often spinous,± flattened, grooved on the outer face, united below, the degree of union varying from a small basal disk to a deep cupule, inner spines or bristles often ciliate around spikelets. Spikelets lanceolate, acute; glumes unequal, shorter than spikelet, lower sometimes suppressed; lower floret membranous, staminate or neuter; upper floret firmer, protogynous.

花序穗状，圆筒状，由落叶的毛刺沿着一具角安排的具刺的或具刚毛，通常波状的轴组成；毛刺无梗或具基部的倒锥状柄，每一个由1无梗或更多组成以总苞的刺和刚毛包围；或更多的刚毛曲折通常spinous，多少扁平，在外面上具凹槽，下面的合生，协会的度从一小的基部的花盘变化到一深的壳斗，小穗披针形，锐尖；不等长的颖片，短于小穗，降低有时压抑；更低的小花膜质，雄蕊花的或中性；坚定的上面小花，雌蕊先熟。

Spikelets 3–6, 4–7 cm, glaucous, pedicels hairy; florets 8–13; rachilla internodes 4–5 mm. Glumes 3–5, enlarged upward; lemma ovate-lanceolate; palea longer than lemma, rarely equal in length, ciliate, glaucous and slightly hairy between keels, apex acute.

小穗3-6，4-7厘米，有白霜，花梗有毛；小花8-13；小穗轴节间的4-5毫米颖片3-5，向上扩大；外稃卵状披针形；内稃长于外稃，很少等长，纤毛，有白霜和在龙骨之间的稍有毛，先端锐尖。

Leaves subsessile or lower ones with petioles 1-2 mm; cauline blade ovate to lanceolate to lanceolate-elliptic, spatulate near base, 1-2.5 × 0.5-1 cm, subglabrous with faintly strigillose margin and midvein, base cuneate to broadly so, margin denticulate with 3-9 teeth per side, apex acute to obtuse.

叶近无柄或下部的具叶柄1-2毫米；茎生叶卵形的到披针形到披针形椭圆，匙形的近基部， 1-2.5 * 0.5-1 厘米，近无毛微弱具短糙伏毛的具边缘和中脉，基部楔形到宽如此，边缘具小齿具齿每边3-9，先端锐尖到钝。

Spikelets lanceolate to narrowly oblong, dorsally compressed; callus short, bearded, hairs usually less than 1/2 spikelet length; glumes cartilaginous to leathery; lower glume flat or slightly concave, hairy, back veinless or inconspicuously veined, flanks rounded in lower half, keeled toward apex, acute to truncate; upper glume boat-shaped, 1-keeled down midline; lower floret reduced to an empty hyaline lemma, rarely absent; upper lemma linear to oblong, occasionally broader, shortly 2-toothed or 2-lobed to middle, awned E.

小穗披针形的到狭长圆形，背压扁；胼胝体短，具髯毛，不到1/2的小穗长度的通常毛；颖片软骨质的到革质；更下部的颖片平或稍凹，有毛，背无脉或不明显，侧面圆形在下半部，龙骨状向先端，锐尖到截形；舟状的上面颖片，沿着midline龙骨状的1；更低的小花退化至一空的透明的外稃，很少无；上面外稃线形到长圆形，偶有宽，2齿或2裂的至中部，具芒的E。

Leaves often on upper stems or branches, glabrous; stipules deciduous, ovate, very small; petiole 1.5-12 mm; leaf blade narrowly oblong, elliptic, or oblanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, 8-20 × 2.2-4.5 cm, membranous or herbaceous, lateral veins 5-8 pairs, base attenuate or narrowly cuneate, margin crenate-serrate or undulate distally, apex acuminate; cystoliths slightly conspicuous or inconspicuous.

叶通常在上面茎或分枝上，无毛；托叶脱落，卵形，很小；叶柄1.5-12毫米；叶片狭长圆形，椭圆形，或倒披针形到长圆状披针形， 8-20 * 2.2-4.5 上部的厘米，膜质或草质，侧脉5-8 对，基部渐狭或狭楔形，边缘具圆齿有锯齿或波状，先端渐尖；钟乳体稍明显或不明显。

The concept of equivalent rotationally rigidity is offered and the formula of rotationally rigidity is obtained.

主要做了如下几个方面的工作：对伸臂位于顶部的单层框架—筒体模型进行分析，提出了等效转动约束的概念和转动约束刚度的表达式。

Male cats normally do not need aftercare with the exception of the night after the anesthetic.

男猫通常不需要善后除了晚上的麻醉。