小导管

It is thought that the advantages of this method are:①dialyze completely beause of the volume of blood flow up to 200 to 300ml per minute ,②affect cardiovascular system alighily beause of blood flow form vien to vein during the pocess of hemodialysis ,③keep patients moving freely,and ④indwell catheter several weeks.

作者认为锁骨下静脉双胜留置导管血液透析的优点很多，首先，血流量可达200～300ml／min，能保证充分透析；另一方面透析时血液循环是静脉到静脉，对心血管系统影响小；该部位插管病人活动不受限，且导管留置时间可长达数周，所以不仅可作和临时性血透通路，也可作为长期维持性血液透析的血透通路。

objective:to explore the clinical value of digital mammography on diagnosis of small breast cancer.methods:we retrospectively analyzed the representation of molybdenum target x-ray in 40 patients with small breast cancer diagnosed by biopsy.result:the molybdenum target x-ray showed nodosity tumor in 17 cases,calcification in 13 cases,density in 8 cases,focal grand architectural distortion in 6 case,single dilated in 3 cases and blood vessel line thickening in 6 case.conclusions:digital mammography is the most important means in the diagnosis of small breast cancer,which can distinguish between different kinds of breast density of different tissues and find small breast lump.the mammography has a high sensitivity in the diagnosis of small breast cancer.

目的：提高对小乳癌影像学的认识。方法：回顾性分析40例经病理证实的小乳癌患者的x线片。结果：x线表现为肿块17例，钙化13例，致密影8例，局部结构紊乱6例，单支导管扩张3例，血管影增多、增粗6例。结论：影像学是小乳癌诊断的最主要手段，能区别乳房各种不同组织的不同密度，能发现较小的乳腺肿块，对于乳腺癌的诊断，乳腺x线钼靶摄片具有较高的灵敏度。

Methods Ultrasonic examination and angiography were made to 55 cases with patent ductus arteriosus, the diameter of ductus arteriosus, the length and shape were measured; individual minimally invasive treatment was selected according to the individual characteristics, such as transcatheter closure, subaxillary small incision or extrapleural ligation.

对收治的55例动脉导管未闭患者经超声及放射造影检查，对动脉导管的直径、长度和形态作出评估，并针对不同特点选择个体化方案，进行介入封堵、腋下小切口或胸膜外结扎等微创治疗。

A small benign intraductal papilloma appears here in a breast duct, typically in one of the main lactiferous ducts beneath the areola.

图示乳腺导管中的小的良性导管内乳头状瘤，代表性地出现于乳晕下的一个主要输乳管内。

The study reveals that the secondary xylem of 6 mangrove species of Sonneratia possesses the following characteristics:the diameter of vessel is small,the distribution frequency of vessel is high,the reperforating rate is high,the wall of vessel is thick,the wall of fibre is relatively thick and the wood parenchyma is short or sparse,whish is suitable with the environment.

应用光镜及扫描电镜对生长在热带、亚热带海岸潮间带的 6种海桑属红树植物的次生木质部进行了解剖学研究表明：海桑属 6种红树植物的次生木质部具有导管直径小，导管分布频率高，复孔率高，导管壁厚和纤维壁较厚且具次生加厚，木薄壁组织缺乏或稀少等与环境相适应的特点。

Abstract］ Objective To study the clinical value of minimally invasive surgical procedure by left subaxillary small incision in the treatment of PDA.

目的 探讨经左腋窝小切口手术治疗先天性心脏病动脉导管未闭的手术方法及适应证方法经左腋窝小切口结扎动脉导管未闭79例，对其手术方式及临床效果进行回顾性分析。

Parviflora in shrub communities had the xeromorphic traits in the aspects of ① their secondary xylem had shorter vessel elements, higher vessel frequency, less single porous percentage, lower rays, higher relative conductivity and lower vulnerability index, and ② their leaf had lower water potential, lower water content and free water content, higher bound water content, high ratio of bound to free water content, and less specific leaf area.

扁担木叶片、次生木质部的解剖和水分生理特征均表现出一定的可塑性，其可塑性指数高低顺序为次生木质部解剖特征（0、24）〉水分生理特征（0.19）〉叶片解剖特征（0.18）、与侧柏林和混交林相比，灌丛中扁担木个体对干旱生境有一定的适应能力，表现在次生木质部导管分子短，导管频率高，单孔率低，木纤维短，射线矮小，具有较大的相对输导率和较小的脆性指数；叶片水势、组织含水量、自由水含量较低，叶面积、比叶面积较小，而束缚水含量、束缚水自由水比值较高。

Results The 38 patients were followed up for more than 6 months,37 patients were sucessfully inosculated,1 patient were unsucessfully,the success rate were 97.37%.

硬膜外导管作为泪小管内支撑物，直接缝合泪小管断端周围组织，是一种简便易行的泪小管吻合方法。

The therapy of amebic liver abscesses are convenient,small trauma and adapt to spread to basic level hospital,and to improve therapeutic efficacy.

套管针穿刺排脓内置导管灌注冲洗法由于内置导管持续引流、药物冲洗能够达到连续治疗的目的，尤其对脓肿直径在10cm以上者疗效确切，打破了传统阿米巴脓肿直径10cm以上绝对手术适应证的观念，且本方法创伤小、简便易行、不需开腹手术，适于在基层医院推广。

The results showed that the plant had the character of damp-inhabiting, the cutical on the epidermis of stem and leaf is rather thin but without wax-layer, its stomata protrude clearly on the lower surface of leaf, the rate of palisade parenchyma and spongy parenchyma is rather low and the cortex is well developed in root.

结果表明蓝靛果具有明显的湿生特征：茎、叶表皮的角质层薄，无蜡被；叶片上表皮细胞甚大，无气孔，下表皮细胞小，气孔明显突起；叶脉导管直径小，壁薄；叶肉栅栏组织/海绵组织小；根的皮层发达，富细胞间隙。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。