小孔

At the super-low permeable reservior sandstone of Fu and Yang in Daqing Oilfield, many pore throats exist a lot in the types of compacted and restored flakes and curved lamellas while the pore volume of micropore and the thin, compacted and shrunken throat that contribute little to flow take large scale in the total pore space. Thereof high filtrational resistance is caused by much trouble including high content of reservoir shale, serious sensibility to pressure at waterflooding, remarkable effects of undersaturation and water blocks in micropore. A method with laboratory experiment, theoretical confirmation and field application included was adopted to analyze the non-linear flow characteristics, to reveal the deep mechanism of pinhole enveloping macropore and to provide a new technology of improving the development effect. The outcomes aquired are as follows: Multiple cores with different low and super-low permeability were selected to perform seepage experiments by gas, water and oil. Three fields of flow were observed in the reservoir at different low and super-low core permeability. They are pseudo- elastic flow, transition flow and plastic creep flow. So the concept that there was no correlation of rocky absolute permeability with fluid properties that pasted itself was broken up. Two-phase seepage of water displacing oil in uniform super-low permeability shows that the two-phase seepage zone is narrow.

针对大庆油田扶、杨特低渗透油层砂岩孔隙喉道的大小和形态以压实再生型片状、弯片状喉道分布较广，压实、缩小型细喉道型，微孔不可流动的孔隙体积所占总孔隙体积的比例较大的特点；及储层泥质含量高，注水开发中压力敏感性强、微孔隙欠饱和及水锁效应显著，导致流体渗流阻力增大的问题，本文采用室内实验、理论推证和矿场应用相结合的方法，研究、分析了流体非线性渗流特征，更深刻地揭示出小孔包围大孔的机理及产生原因，并提供了改善开发效果的新的技术方法，取得如下成果：选择不同渗透率的低渗透、特低渗透岩心，进行了气、水和油单相渗流实验，揭示出当岩心渗透率不同时，油层内的流体呈现出拟弹性流变、过渡流变、塑性蠕变三种流变区，从而打破了岩心的绝对渗透率与通过岩心流体性质无关的观点；同类特低渗透岩心的水驱油两相渗流实验表明，两相渗流区较窄。

The changes include:(1) Put the urediniospores into the tube with two steel balls and 1. 6 g/L Chelex-100,the uredinia may be picked up with airing host tissues.(2) Add KOH into the extraction buffer instead of NaOH and vortex the tube violently for 30 min.(3) Prick a hole under the bottom instead of picking out of the steel balls, then centrifuge the tube to toss the liquid into the sheathed tube.

改进的 内容包括：(1)在有二钢珠和1.6 g／L Chelex的离心管中加入夏孢子，夏孢子可以来自带有风干寄主叶肉组织的夏孢子堆；(2)在离心管中加入KOH而不是NaOH，然后剧烈斡旋30 min；(3)将离心管管底穿一小孔，套上一新离心管，短暂离心甩出内容物。

This talk presents the PhD research done by YuChi Liu at the University of Kentucky Welding Research Laboratory on the control of a novel arc welding process which has been referred to as the quasi-keyhole process.

这个报告主要介绍肯塔基大学焊接过程研究实验室在控制一种称为准小孔的新型电弧焊过程方面所从事的博士论文研究。

Make a small hole in something as a guide for a drill .

在某物上做一个小孔，好像为钻孔机做向导。

What happens when you compress water A LOT and squeeze it through a tiny whole?

当你把水相当地压缩，并且让它通过一个小孔挤出，会发生什么？

As blood flows through the bloodvessels, small molecules such as waste products squeeze through the holes.

当血液流经血管时，代谢废物之类的小分子挤压通过那些小孔。

As blood flows through the blood vessels, small molecules such as waste products squeeze through the holes.

当血液流经血管时，代谢废物之类的小分子积压通过那些小孔。

Small holes on the side admit leather straps for affixing the mask to tilt wearers face.

面具两边的小孔可以供皮绳穿过以用来紧贴佩戴者的脸。

Small holes on the side admit leatherstraps for affixing the mask to tilt wearers face.

面具两边的小孔可以供皮绳穿过以用来紧贴佩戴者的脸。

Flashing is metal stripping that is nailed around the perimeters of these holes, then sealed or caulked, to prevent water leakage.

闪光的金属剥离就是钉周围这些小孔，然后密封或房顶，为防止漏水。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。