小圈

Applying the De Caen"s inequality of sum of the squares of the degree and Cauchy"s inequality, we obtain a strict lower bound and a strict upper bound of the largest Laplace eigenvalues only in terms of vertex number of a unicycle graph. Applying the Laplace matrix theorem of trees, we obtain an upper bound of the second smallest Laplace eigenvalues of a unicycle. Extremal graph whose second smallest Laplace eigenvalues reach the obtained upper bound is determined. We also obtain an upper bound of the second largest Laplace eigenvalues in terms of vertex number of the largest connected branch of unicycle graph, and obtain a theoretical method to calculate the second largest Laplace eigenvalues of unicycle graph. We obtain an upper bound of any Laplace eigenvalues in terms of vertex number of a unicycle graph. We also obtain the distribution of Laplace eigenvalues in the inter [0,n] in terms of the matching number.

本文得到了以下几个方面的结果： 1、利用图度平方和的De Caen不等式和Cauchy不等式给出单圈图的最大Laplace特征值仅依赖于顶点数的严格的上下界；利用树的Laplace理论给出了单圈图次小Laplace特征值的一个上界，并刻画了达到该上界的极图；利用子图的连通分支的顶点个数给出了单圈图次大Laplace特征值的一个上界，并给出了单圈图次大Laplace特征值一个理论上的一个求法；利用单圈图的阶数给出了其一般Laplace特征值的一个上界；利用单圈图的匹配数给出其Laplace矩阵谱在区间[0，n]上的分布情况。

The idea of zero cost cycle is devised to solve the critical problem of minimum cost flow. Additional related results obtained include: the theory of bottleneck analysis based on minimum cost augmentation chain and zero cost cycle; the proof of the existence condition and the coherence condition of bottlenecks based on network output; methods to solve various kinds of process bottlenecks; the development of the algorithms of optimization and bottleneck analysis of MCPN (i. e, MCPN-CBA1 and MCPN-CBA2); a series of scheduling strategies and algorithms based on cost analysis, profit evaluation and bottlenecks of process flow line.

四。提出了基于工艺流程成本分析、利润评价的两类生产网络模式：最小成本生产网络和最大利润生产网络；首次提出零成本圈的概念，从而提出并研究了最小费用流的临界问题；创建了基于最小成本增广链、零成本圈的瓶颈分析理论，证明了过程瓶颈的存在性条件以及基于网络加工量的瓶颈一致性条件；给出了求解各类瓶颈的关键技术，研究开发了MCPN的瓶颈分析算法MCPN-CBA1、MCPN-CBA2；提出了一系列基于工艺流程成本分析、利润评价及过程瓶颈的调度策略和调度算法。

If G is acyclically L-list colorable for any list assignment with |L|≥κfor all v∈V,then G is acyclicallyκ-choosable.The acyclic list chromatic number,denoted byχ_a~l,of a graph G is the smallest integerκsuch that G is acyclicallyκ-choosable.

若对满足|L|≥κ，v∈V的色列表L，G都是无圈L-可染的，那么称G是无圈κ-可选择的。G的无圈列表色数χ_a~l是使得G是无圈κ-可选择的最小的非负整数κ。

The larger the handrim, the greater the moment about the wheel axle M could attain. The tangential force F applied to the handrim was similar among three handrim diameters. However, the radial component of force applied to the handrim increased as handrim diameter decreased.

结果发现，轮圈直径越大，最大前进力矩越大；不同轮圈直径，施加在轮圈的切线分力相似；但轮圈直径越小，施加在轮圈的轴向分力却越大；而轮圈直径越大，有效分力比率也越大。

In Chapter 4, we characterize bicyclic graphs with the smallest values of the second Zagreb index, and if α≥ 1, unicyclic graphs with the smallest value of the general Randic index.

在论文的第四章里，我们给出了双圈图的第二Zagreb指标的最小值和在α≥1时，单圈图的广义Randi指标的最小值。

When the turn-table slewed, the hydraulic motor transmitted power output which enabled pinions on the output shaft to revolve.

进行回转时，液压马达输出动力，通过回转减速器减速后带动输出轴上的小齿轮旋转，小齿轮与回转支承的齿圈啮合，由于回转支承的齿圈与车架刚性连接，因而回转减速器带动与之相连的转台回转。

According to the dynamics analysis of the cotton sliver coiling process,by considering the minimum friction of cotton sliver caused by screwy pipes as objective function the design of screwy pipes of can coiler is explained based on the theory of the variational direct-method.

对棉条圈条过程定量地进行了动力学分析，以棉条所受曲线斜管摩擦力最小为目标函数，基于变分问题直接法原理设计出圈条盘螺旋形曲线斜管。这种螺旋形曲线斜管充分利用圈条盘的转动对棉条产生的离心力甩摆作用，使棉条所受曲线斜管摩擦力较小，从而使出条更顺畅；在一定程度上降低了圈条盘螺旋形曲线斜管堵眼频率与条筒乱条几率，使其更适应现代并条机生产高速化的要求

The most popular during the Shang Dynasty was the "bird and beast" design,hu,(long-necked and small opening, deep-bellied with round base, some with overhanging handle),you (elliptic opening, deep-bellied with round base, has a lid and overhanging handle), lei (some round and some square, openings vary in size, short neck with square shoulders, deep bellied, with curling feet or round base, and has a lid), fou and the like are wine vessels, jue (deep-bellied, tri-pedestal, can be heated on top of fire, protruding grooves at the top for easy pouring), gu (the most common wine-drinking utensil, more often used in combination with jue, which is bigger, opening is shaped like a bugle, long neck, thin waist, tall curling feet), zh(similar to the zun in shape but smaller, some with lids), gong (oval belly, has an outer edge for flow of wine, short handles, bottom has curling feet, lid is in the shape of the head of a beast, some has an entire body like a wild animal, with small spoon as accessory), bei, zhen is to drink from.

尊（鼓腹、敞口、高颈，底有圈足，形制较多，商代以鸟兽形尊最为流行）、壶（长颈、敛口，有的有盖，深腹圆座，有的有提梁）、卣（椭圆口，深腹圆座，有盖和提梁）、罍（有圆形和方形，口大小不一，短颈方肩、深腹，圈足或圆底座，有盖）、缶等是盛酒的器具，爵（深腹、三足，可在火上加温，上端有伸出的沟槽以倒酒）、觚（最常用的饮酒器，多与爵相配使用，比爵小，口呈喇叭状，长颈、细腰、高圈足）、觯，觥（椭圆腹，有流酒的外沿和短提把，底为圈足，有兽头形盖，也有整体为兽形的，并附有小勺）、杯、盏是饮酒的器具。

Adjoyning to this I had my Enclosures for my Cattle, that is to say, my Goats: And as I had taken an inconceivable deal of Pains to fence and enclose this Ground, so I was so uneasy to see it kept entire, lest the Goats should break thro', that I never left off till with infinite Labour I had stuck the Out-side of the Hedge so full of small Stakes, and so near to one another, that it was rather a Pale than a Hedge, and there was scarce Room to put a Hand thro' between them, which afterwards when those Stakes grew, as they all did in the next rainy Season, made the Enclosure strong like a Wall, indeed stronger than any Wall.

与别墅毗邻的是我的圈地，里面放养着山羊。当初，为了圈这块地，我曾历尽艰辛。我竭尽全力，把篱笆做得十分严密，免得圈在里面的山羊逃出去。我不遗余力，辛勤劳作，在篱笆外插满了小木桩，而且插得又密又多，样子不像篱墙，倒像是一个栅栏；在木桩与木桩之间，连手都插不进去。后来，在第三个雨季中，这些小木桩都长大了，成了一堵坚固的围墙，甚至比围墙还坚固。

Leakage in the initial observation to determine the basis of the leakage site, and then manually set car observation, if the leakage were no significant changes in static and dynamic sealing ring problem; such as the disk when there are significant changes in leakage can be concluded that the dynamic , static friction ring problems; such as leakage of medium along the jet axis, w你好le moving most of Central ring problems, leakage to the surrounding medium or from the water spray cooling holes in the leakage, the seal ring for static failure.

杂质泵安装静试时泄漏机械弥缝安装调试好后，一般要进行静试，察看泄漏量如泄漏量较小，多为动环或静环弥缝圈存在问题；泄漏量较大时，则表白动、静环磨擦副间存在问题在开端察看泄漏量、判断泄漏部位的根蒂根基上，再手动盘车察看，若泄漏量无明显变化则静、动环弥缝圈有问题；如盘车时泄漏量有明显变化则可下定论是动、静环磨擦副存在问题；如泄漏介质沿轴向喷洒，则动环弥缝圈存在问题居多，泄漏介质向四周喷洒或从水冷却孔中漏出，则多为静环弥缝圈失效此外，泄漏通道也可同时存在，但一般有主次区分，只要察看细致，认识结构，一定能正确判断

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。