小体

In eukaryotes, DNA left-handed chirality by means of histone proteins around octamer to form a stable nucleosome structure.

在真核生物中，DNA按左手手征性的方式，缠绕在组蛋白八聚体的周围，形成稳定的核小体结构。

These variants change the conformation and stability of nucleosome to facilitate transcriptional activation or deactivation, DNA repairing, heterochromatin formation, and others.

这些变体通过改变核小体的空间构象和稳定性，决定基因转录的激活或沉默，DNA的修复，染色体的异染色化等。

The typical apoptotic morphological features appeared in MUTZ1 cells treated with 4 mmol/L VPA for 72 hours. Pyknosis of cells and nuclei, disintegration of nuclear chromatin and apoptotic body could be observed by light microscopy. Aggregation and margination of nuclear chromatin, concentration of plasm, increment of density and chromatin mass of irregular size could be observed by transmission electronmicroscope. The flow cytometric analysis indicated that the VPA could induce cell apoptosis, apoptosis rate increased in dosedependent manner, ratio of cells at G0/G1 phase increased and ratio of cells at S phase decreased in dosedependent manner, the cells were arrested at G0/G1 phase.

结果显示： VPA对MUTZ1细胞的生长抑制作用呈现时间和剂量依赖性；经4 mmol/L VPA处理MUTZ1细胞72小时后，细胞呈现典型的凋亡形态特征，光学显微镜下可见凋亡细胞胞体固缩、核固缩、核碎裂及凋亡小体；透射电子显微镜下可见凋亡细胞核染色质边集、胞浆浓缩、密度增加，胞浆内大小不规则的染色质团块；流式细胞术结果表明，细胞凋亡率随着VPA浓度的增加而逐步增高，G0/G1期细胞比例随着VPA浓度的增加而逐渐增多，S期细胞比例逐渐减低，细胞被阻滞在G0/G1期。

The typical apoptotic morphological features appeared in MUTZ-1 cells treated with 4mmol/L VPA for 72hours. Pyknosis of cells and nuclei, disintegration of nuclear chromatin and apoptotic body could be observed by light microscopy. Aggregation and margination of nuclear chromatin, concentration of plasm, increment of density and chromatin mass of irregular size could be observed by transmission electronmicroscope. The flow cytometric analysis indicated that the VPA could induce cell apoptosis, apoptosis rate increased in dose-dependent manner, ratio of cells at G0/G1 phase increased and ratio of cells at S phase decreased in dose-dependent manner, the cells were arrested at G0/G1 phase.

结果显示：VPA对MUTZ-1细胞的生长抑制作用呈现时间和剂量依赖性；经4mmol/LVPA处理MUTZ-1细胞72小时后，细胞呈现典型的凋亡形态特征，光学显微镜下可见凋亡细胞胞体固缩、核固缩、核碎裂及凋亡小体；透射电子显微镜下可见凋亡细胞核染色质边集、胞浆浓缩、密度增加，胞装内大小不规则的染色质团块；流式细胞术结果表明，细胞凋亡率随着VPA浓度的增加而逐步增高，G0/G1期细胞比例随着VPA浓度的增加而逐渐增多，S期细胞比例逐渐减低，细胞被阻滞在G0/G1期。

Methods Cell culture,flow cytometry,HE staining,Nigrosine staining and electron microscopy were used. Results (1)ATP could inhibit the proliferation of U937 cells with inhibition rate over 43% after 48hour ATP treatment;(2)ATP treated U937 cells numbers increased obviously in G1 phase,and apoptosis peak appeared before G1 phase,apoptotic cell number was 3.4% for 24hour,and was 22.7% for 48hour of ATP treated U937 cells;(3) Nuclear chromatin condensed into sperical masses bound cytoplasma membrane formed apoptotic bodies which is shed from membrane surface into intercellular medium;(4) Apoptotic bodies were nigrosine staining negtive.

结果 (1)ATP对U937细胞的增殖有明显的阻抑作用，加药48h后增殖的抑制率可达43%以上；(2)ATP处理的U937细胞周期发生改变，G1期细胞数明显增多，ATP作用24h时G1期前出现亚二倍体峰——凋亡峰，凋亡细胞数为3.4%，作用48h时凋亡细胞数增多为22.7%；(3)ATP处理的U937细胞首先在核内染色质浓缩成半月形贴近核膜，逐渐向核膜外移动，进入胞浆内再移向质膜内外面，紧贴质膜外面再逐步脱离细胞体，进入细胞基质中，成为游离的凋亡小体。

A small sturdy dog of an ancient breed originating in China,having a snub nose,a wrinkled face,a squarish body,short smooth hair,and a curled tail.

哈巴狗源于中国的一种鼻部短而扁平、面部多皱纹、体方、毛短而光滑且尾卷的品种古老的小体健壮的狗。

The results showed that , the ratio of thickness of the renal cortex to the medulla in Felis bieti is 1∶2.35, the ratio of the number of the proximal tubule to the distal convoluted tubule in the cortical labyrinth in Felis bieti is 2.26∶1, the density of the renal capsule in the cortex deep layer is bigger than that of the shallow layer, the number of the thin segment is high both in the medulla and medullary ray.

结果显示：荒漠猫肾脏皮质与髓质的厚度比为1∶2.35，皮质迷路内近曲小管与远曲小管的断面数量比为2.26∶1，皮质中肾小体的分布密度近髓大于浅表，髓放线和髓质中细段分布较多。

ResultsThe glandular cell in the endometrial implant after therapy with middle or high-dose of (10,15 gkg-1d-1) XiaoChaiHu Decoction showed characteristic features of apoptosis which displayed by the cell decreased in size, karyopyknosis , cytoplasmic and nuclear chromatin condensation , density increased and a lot of apoptotic bodies among cell. Whereas some stromal cell displayed degeneration and necrosis. The protein expression of Fas and Caspase-3 in endometriotic tissue of XiaoChaiHu Decoction group was higher than that in the endometrium.

结果中、高剂量小柴胡汤（10，15 gkg-1d-1）治疗后，异位内膜有较多腺上皮细胞出现凋亡的特征，表现为细胞体积变小，核固缩，胞浆和核染色质凝集，密度增高，细胞间凋亡小体，同时间质细胞中可见一些坏死细胞；异位内膜Fas蛋白、Caspase-3蛋白的表达水平明显高于其在位内膜。

Results: Compared with control group, apoptosis cells increased from 0.5%to 10%(some even to 15%) after 24,48 and 72 h action of -300,-500 and -1 000 V electrets. After action of -500 V PTFE electrets for 48-72 h, fibroblast cells showed characteristic morphological features of apoptosis. These features included chromatin aggregation, nuclear and cytoplasmic condensation and partition of cytoplasm and nucleus into membrane bound-vesicles.

结果：-300、-500和-1 000 V驻极体作用成纤维细胞24、48和72 h以后，与对照组相比，成纤维细胞的凋亡量从0.5％增至10％（部分可达15％）；驻极体作用成纤维细胞48～72 h，出现细胞凋亡特有的形态学特征，即：细胞异染色质边集，细胞裂解，可见凋亡小体。

Importantly, we demonstrate that phagosomes containing internalized cell corpses are unable to fuse with lysosomes in vps-18 mutants.

因此，在凋亡细胞的清除过程中，具有正常降解活性的胞内体和溶酶体与含凋亡细胞的吞噬小体之间的正常融合，对于凋亡细胞的及时清除是至关重要的。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。