射线

Roentgen decided that the tube must have been emitting some sort of penetrating rays. He named them X for unknown.

伦琴认为阴极射线管一定在发射某种穿透力极强的射线，他称这种未知的射线为x 射线。

Starting from ray equation, the ray parameters can be solved by using the Runge\|Kutta method.

从射线的矢量微分方程出发，采用龙格-库塔方法求解射线参数方程，实现了电离层中的射线追踪。

IN SPAIN SINCE 1992, WHICH IS A SPECIAL COMPANY TO BE SUCCEED IN DEVELOPPING THE SERIES OF PRODUCTS OF METAL CHINAWARE X RADIAL AND TO BE FIRST ONE TO MANUFACTUER INDUSTRIAL X RADIAL WOUND EXPLORING MACHINE. AND SCATHELESS EXPLORING EQUIPMENT, AND TAKE THE LEAD IN OPENING OUT XW SERIES OF FULL AUTOMATISM CONTROLLER OF X RADIAL WOUND EXPLORING MACHINE.

是国内最早成功研制金属陶瓷X射线管系列产品及中南地区最早生产工业X射线探伤机和无损检测器材的专业公司，并率先采用微机控制技术开发出XW系列全自动X射线探伤机控制器。

The parameters of X-ray sensitometry ,such as sensitivity,gradation,gamma,fog,and resolving power,granularity,silver contents of emulsion layers of films and total thickness of coating layers of films produced in Russia and by foreign companies and the quality classification of these films by using recommended Russian standard of quality classifi.

介绍了无损伤检测用射线技术胶片的质量分类国际标准和俄国标准的要点，做了俄国国产和国外射线技术胶片的 X射线感光测定和解相力、颗粒度、含银量以及乳剂层厚度的检测，将这些胶片按推荐用于俄国的分类标准做了分类。

Our results showed that the transportation of JA from phloem to xylem occurred mainly through ray parenchyma cells and cambium regions, and that JA could be transported rapidly upwards and downwards through vessel tube and sieve tube.

3H—JA分布在筛管、次生韧皮部的薄壁细胞和射线细胞、形成层区以及导管、次生木质部的薄壁细胞和射线细胞，其中，在韧皮部和木质部的射线细胞及筛管、导管壁周围分布最多。

The project involved:(1) Development of time and space resolved soft x-ray diagnostic instruments: a pinhole transmission grating streak spectrograph and a stigmatic grazing incidence grating flat-field streak spectrogrph, which are the most powerful in x-ray laser and laser plasma researches of our laboratory.

它们已成为我们实验室X射线激光和激光等离子体软X射线发射实验研究中最有力的诊断手段。（2）系统地研究了X射线激光增益介质—线状激光等离子体的均匀性。结果表明线聚焦激光照明的均匀性是实现均匀线性状激光等离子体的必要条件。

Vector to raster: Inside point diffuse method, diffuse from internal seeds within polygon to neighbor points, as far as to the boundary of polygon; Pluralism integral arithmetic, according to the close boundary of polygon, makes uncertain point calculate pluralism integral; Radial and scanning arithmetic, from a uncertain point which located outside of the figure to draw radial, according to the junction of radial and polygon to judge the internal and outside relationship; Boundary algebra filling, a vector convert to raster arithmetic which based on integral thought, suit for polygon vector convert which recorded topological relationship.

矢量转栅格：内部点扩散法，即由多边形内部种子点向周围邻点扩散，直至到达各边界为止；复数积分算法，即由待判别点对多边形的封闭边界计算复数积分，来判断两者关系；射线算法和扫描算法，即由图外某点向待判点引射线，通过射线与多边形边界交点数来判断内外关系；边界代数算法，是一种基于积分思想的矢量转栅格算法，适合于记

Meanwhile, result comes out that seven fossil samples are mostly evergreen Araucarioxylon, deciduous species prapably exists, but their fixed numbers of growing year are extraordinarily variant; Analysis of ariance indicates that, imposing ray cells, radial tracheid diameters-, the ratios of ray cells to radial tracheid diameters on distinguishing seven samples is doable as a whole, while not fitting for individuals.

经方差分析可以看出，利用射线直径、管胞直径和射线管胞比可以在总体上区分各标本，但对个别样本不适用；射线高度这一性状在各标本间差别很小，不能区分；结果认为：标本2和标本6的性状最相近，为相同的种类；标本1、4、7可能为同一属；对方差和CSDM曲线的综合分析认为，标本1、3、6的生长年限存在一定的区别，可能导致在方差分析上出现些许误差。

Methods Through questionnaires,the annual number of X-ray diagnostic examination of the whole province was investigated,according to it,hospitals were arranged decreasingly into four levels,and proceeded the stratified random sampling on the rations of

阳性率是判断X射线诊断检查应用是否符合合理应用原则的重要指标之一。X射线诊断检查的阳性率应保持在一个合理的水平上，如果阳性率过低，表明无临床意义的X射线诊断检查的应用过多，应当采取措施予以限制。

In addition, molecular orientation behaviors induced by shearing, electric field and magnetic field were investigated. The space group of the monomers A3EO7 and A9EO7 were determined as P2〓2〓2 and P112/m by means of electron diffraction and X-ray diffraction. Liquid crystalline properties of the monomer and the polymer were studied using DSC, variable X-ray diffraction, TEM and polarized optical microscope. Both monomers exhibit monotropic liquid crystalline behavior, and they also give a metastable phase on the cooling process. The polymer PA9EO7 shows enantiotropic liquid crystalline properties. Thus the rigid polymer backbone is not a fatal defect that completely distorts the packing arrangement of the mesogenic moiety in the side chain liquid crystalline polyacetylene.

结合电子衍射倾转方法和粉末X射线衍射技术，确定了两个液晶小分子A3EO7和A9EO7的晶胞参数和空间群，采用Cerius〓模拟软件，运用分子模拟的方法给出了小分子在晶胞中的排列方式；利用DSC、变温X射线衍射技术和透射电子显微镜研究了小分子和聚合物的液晶态，单体A3EO7和A9EO7表现出单向液晶性质，并且在降温过程中都表现出一个亚稳液晶相或亚稳结晶相，聚合物PA9EO7具有双向液晶性；采用偏光显微镜和X射线平板照相技术，研究了剪切和电场对聚合物分子取向的影响，在不同的液晶态，剪切作用对聚合物PA9EO7具有不同的诱导取向结果，直流电场可以诱导聚合物联苯液晶基元沿施加电场方向取向。

And Pharaoh spoke to Joseph, saying, Your father and your brothers have come to you.

47：5 法老对约瑟说，你父亲和你弟兄们到你这里来了。

Additionally, the approximate flattening of surface strip using lines linking midpoints on perpendicular lines between geodesic curves and the unconditional extreme value method are discussed.

提出了用测地线方程、曲面上两点间短程线来计算膜结构曲面测地线的方法，同时，采用测地线间垂线的中点连线和用无约束极值法进行空间条状曲面近似展开的分析。