射出的

As a result, if the iridescence is produced by thin-film interference, not only the thickness of lamellar structure must be defined within a certain nanometer, but also the refractive index need to be different between lamellar structure. In other words, the chemical composition, refractive index and thickness of exsolution lamellae need form to trinity, such as labradorite, albite, andradite and orthoamphibole. If the iridescent color is produced by grating-diffraction, the lamellar structure just needs to be arrayed regularly, the spacing of the edges of lamellar structure needs to be regular and narrow, but not necessarily within the range of the wavelength of visible light, such as shell of abalone, pearl and opal.

薄膜干涉式晕彩不仅要求宝石内部结构层的厚度必须在一定的纳米范围内，而且结构层内部的折射率也必须有所差别，也即，当结构层由两相组分出溶而成，其化学成分、折射率和结构层厚度形成三位一体时，符合薄膜干涉式晕彩，如拉长石、钠长石、石榴石和角闪石；而光栅式衍射晕彩则仅要求结构层排列规则，边缘狭窄但不需要窄到可见光波长范围内，能使入射光的振幅或位相，或两者同时产生周期性空间调制的结构即可，如鲍贝壳、珍珠和欧泊。

In practice the diffraction pattern is iteratively solved at ever-increasing "shells" of resolution; the crystallographer alternates between building a model structure （working in "real" space） and comparing the model's calculated diffraction pattern with the observed diffraction pattern （working in "reciprocal" space）.

在实际操作中这一衍射图形被反复地不断升高的分辨率处理，结晶学家不断在建立一个模型结构并按该模型计算出的衍射图形与实际观察到的比较。

In practice the diffraction pattern is iteratively solved at ever-increasing "shells" of resolution; the crystallographer alternates between building a model structure （working in "real" ace） and comparing the model's calculated diffraction pattern with the o erved diffraction pattern （working in "reciprocal" ace）.

在实际操作中这一衍射图形被反复地不断升高的分辨率处理，结晶学家不断在建立一个模型结构并按该模型计算出的衍射图形与实际观察到的比较。

The main contributions of the second part of this dissertation are focused on the cryptographic properties of logical functions over finite field, with the help of the properties of trace functions, and that of p-polynomials, as well as the permutation theory over finite field: The new definition of Chrestenson linear spectrum is given and the relation between the new Chrestenson linear spectrum and the Chrestenson cyclic spectrum is presented, followed by the inverse formula of logical function over finite field; The distribution for linear structures of the logical functions over finite field is discussed and the complete construction of logical functions taking on all vectors as linear structures is suggested, which leads to the conception of the extended affine functions over finite field, whose cryptographic properties is similar to that of the affine functions over field GF (2) and prime field F〓; The relationship between the degeneration of logical functions and the linear structures, the degeneration of logical functions and the support of Chrestenson spectrum, as well as the relation between the nonlinearity and the linear structures are discussed; Using the relation of the logical functions over finite field and the vector logical functions over its prime field, we reveal the relationship between the perfect nonlinear functions over finite field and the vector generalized Bent functions over its prime field; The existence or not of the perfect nonlinear functions with any variables over any finite fields is offered, and some methods are proposed to construct the perfect nonlinear functions by using the balanced p-polynomials over finite field.

重新定义了有限域上逻辑函数的Chrestenson线性谱，考察了新定义的Chrestenson线性谱和原来的Chrestenson循环谱的关系，并利用一组对偶基给出了有限域上逻辑函数的反演公式；给出了有限域上随机变量联合分布的分解式，并利用随机变量联合分布的分解式对有限域上逻辑函数的密码性质进行了研究；给出了有限域上逻辑函数与相应素域上向量逻辑函数的关系，探讨了它们之间密码性质的联系，如平衡性，相关免疫性，扩散性，线性结构以及非线性度等；讨论了有限域上逻辑函数各类线性结构之间的关系，并给出了任意点都是线性结构的逻辑函数的全部构造，由此引出了有限域上的"泛仿射函数"的概念；考察了有限域上逻辑函数的退化性与线性结构的关系、退化性与Chrestenson谱支集的关系；给出了有限域逻辑函数非线性度的定义，利用有限域上逻辑函数的非线性度与相应素域上向量逻辑函数非线性度的关系，考察了有限域上逻辑函数的非线性度与线性结构的关系；利用有限域上逻辑函数与相应素域上向量逻辑函数的关系，揭示了有限域上的广义Bent函数与相应素域上的广义Bent函数的关系，以及有限域上的完全非线性函数与相应素域上向量广义Bent函数之间的关系；给出了任意有限域上任意n元完全非线性函数存在性与否的完整证明，并利用有限域上平衡的p-多项式的性质给出了有限域上完全非线性函数的一些基本构造方法。

Utilizing the symmetry of the output of the light produced from the slab target, this method is concise and can simply give the result by comparing the intensity of the beams received by flat-field grating spectrometer.

这种方法避免了测量入射光以及出射光的绝对强度，减少了测量过程中的被测量，因而测量的误差也随之降低。

Based on Huygens principle,the translation of transmission light relative to incident light is analyzed in theory as the incident light parallels to the normal Nicol prism's long side,according to the propagation characteristics of e light in crystals.The beam translation of six species of improved Nicol prism are calculated.

从惠更斯原理出发，根据e光在晶体中的传播特性，从理论上详细分析了光线平行于常规尼科耳棱镜长边入射时透射光相对入射光的平移，并给出了6种改进形式尼科耳棱镜的光束平移。

The 2D affine projection model is analyzed from geometrical relation of parallel projection, the conversion of projection, the foundation of strict mathematical model of 2D affine. The characteristics of 2D affine projection are illustrated by experiments.

从平行投影的几何关系分析、投影性质的转换、严格仿射变换数学模型的建立等方面，深入研究了基于仿射变换的传感器模型，给出了实验结果和分析结论。

This software enable the user to simulate a projectile motion by changing physical parameters such as initial speed, elevation angle and vertical height of the object.

本软体可供学习者自己控制不同参数，譬如抛体的初速、抛射角及抛射点的高度，藉由电脑模拟出图象。

A look into his scientific pursuit from Rutherford α-particle scattering experiment

这种弹性散射作用产生的出射粒子方向与入射方向的夹角接近180°，最初由卢瑟福作了理论分析和实验测量，故亦称卢瑟福背散射。

These hunters manoeuvred about, and occasionally shot one of the arrows over the head of some Deer, lightly touching the headdress of the victim.

这两个猎人四处游走。偶尔会射出一支箭射到某个&鹿&的头上，轻轻地触及牺牲者的头饰。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。