射入边

According to the boundary relations of the electromagnetic field, and based on the phenomena of double refraction and double reflection in crystals, the reflectivity and transmissivity are deduced at boundary when an extraordinary beam is incident from an isotropic medium upon a crystal or from a crystal to an isotropic medium with optical ax.

为分析非常偏振光在晶体表面的能量损耗，给出一种求解反射率和透射率的方法，即根据电磁场的边值关系以及晶体的双折射和双反射现象，求解晶体光轴在入射面内时，非常偏振光从各向同性介质入射到晶体和从晶体出射到各向同性介质两种情况的反射率和透射率的方法，并给出反射率和透射率的解析解，同时得到对于晶体光轴在入射面内的情况，光轴的取向对非常偏振光反射率的大小几乎没有影响，但对产生全反射的临界角θc影响较大的结论。

After the break, Indonesia intensified its attack and Pamungkas scored the first goal for Indonesia through a free kick from the outside penalty area following a foul against Firman Utina.

易边后，印尼增强攻力，并因 Firman Utina 在禁区外遭侵犯，由巴蒙基斯接应队友自由球射入领先一球。

The hard-edge aperture is "moved out" in an complicated optical system, which means to transfer the system with such hard-edge aperture into an optical system with entrance and exit pupils, and the hardedge aperture is taken as an exit pupil so as to find the analytical solution of a light beam.

把硬边光阑从复杂光学系统中"移"出来，即把任意一个含有硬边光阑的复杂光学系统体现到含有入射光瞳和出射光瞳的光学系统中，使硬边光阑的作用转化为出射光瞳的作用，以便求出观察面上的解析解。

Based on Huygens principle,the translation of transmission light relative to incident light is analyzed in theory as the incident light parallels to the normal Nicol prism's long side,according to the propagation characteristics of e light in crystals.The beam translation of six species of improved Nicol prism are calculated.

从惠更斯原理出发，根据e光在晶体中的传播特性，从理论上详细分析了光线平行于常规尼科耳棱镜长边入射时透射光相对入射光的平移，并给出了6种改进形式尼科耳棱镜的光束平移。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。