封闭性质

While the fluid flows up along relative close and wider rift system under overpressure , its nature is close to pressure conduit flow in fluid mechanics,which could be described by Bernoulli equation.

流体在相对封闭的较宽阔的断裂系统中受超压作用上侵流动时，其性质接近于流体力学中有压管流的流动情况，其动力学特征可以用柏努利方程进行描述。

The system is characterized by three –dimensional frames, braced frames, or shear walls, forming a closed surface more or less cylindrical in nature, but of nearly any plan configuration.

系统特点是立体框架，支撑框架或剪力墙结构，形成一个封闭的表面或多或少圆柱的性质，但几乎所有计划配置。

The paper also proved that motivation has two important properties:upper bound property and transaction-weighted downward closure property.

5论证了激励具有两个重要的数学性质：上界特性和事务权重激励向下封闭特性。

The hydraulic loading system is developed and used to study the frost heaving characteristics of the subgrade soils under dynamic loading in closed system and open system . On the base of these work, the conclusions are as follows:1. Because of the the fine-grained fill, the frost deformations of Beijing-Baotou railway subgrade and Baotou-Lanzhou railway subgrade are holistically irregular, and great discrepancies exist among the frost heavings of subgrade at different sections.

本文根据冻害较严重的京包铁路、包兰铁路的气候、地质条件的调查和路基冻胀变形监测，结合路基土的性质对京包铁路、包兰铁路的冻害给出了评价；为了模拟振动荷载作用下土的冻胀，研制了液压动力加载系统；在室内采用实验方法对列车动荷载作用下包兰线路基粉质土在开敞、封闭系统下的冻胀特性进行模拟。

The influence of high temperature and high pressure on foaming agent's properties in opened and closed system, and influence of the change of foaming agent's properties on foaming capacity and foam stabilizing capacity are also studied. The multiple regression theory is used to establish the quantitative characteristic functions of foaming agent versus temperature and pressure. Based on the Gibbs Principle, the quantitative characterization is carried out on relation of foam system's free energy versus its surface tension, surface area and concentration, and the analysis of energy concluded that the disintegration of the foam is inconvertible. At the same time, the influence of change of foam's shape and structure on distribution of reservoir temperature and pressure is qualitatively described, and the coupling mechanism between temperature field, pressure field and chemical field is systematically expounded.

同时，研究了不封闭体系、封闭体系下高温、高压对发泡剂性质的影响，以及发泡剂性质的改变对其发泡性能、稳泡性能的影响；采用泡沫实验的相关结果，运用多元回归理论，建立温度、压力与发泡剂浓度的定量表征函数；基于Gibbs原理，对高温、高压下泡沫体系的自由能与其表面张力、体系中液体的表面积以及浓度关系进行定量化的表征研究，从能量的角度得出了泡沫衰变过程具有不可逆性；同时定性地描述了泡沫形态、结构的变化对油藏温度和压力分布的影响，系统地阐述了温度场、压力场、化学场间的耦合作用机理。

The clothing of the inductive aggregation is the principle of mathematical induction.

归纳集所具有的这种封闭性质，就是数学归纳法原理。

The article summarizes the main character-istic skills for four aspects which has been shown in the Chinese government's cognition and practice about the legal system so far: the rationalism construction thought,the nationalism color, the operation pattern of "legis-lation centre-administration cooperation" and the simplism style,which have shaped an closed nature of con-structing legal system at present in an aggregation sense.

文章将迄今为止中国政府在法律体系认识和实践上的主要技术特征概括为四个方面，即理性主义的建构思路、国家主义色彩、立法中心一行政配合的运作模式，以及简约主义的风格，认为这些特征在集合意义上铸就了当下中国在法律体系建设上的某种封闭性质；主张就此进行深入反思，并从转型中国社会法治秩序形成的原理和要求出发，树立一种关于中国特色法律体系构建的开放性思考，作出相应的制度安排。

The article summarizes the main character-istic skills for four aspects which has been shown in the Chinese government's cognition and practice about the legal system so far: the rationalism construction thought, the nationalism color, the operation pattern of "legis-lation centre-administration cooperation" and the simplism style,which have shaped an closed nature of con-structing legal system at present in an aggregation sense.

文章将迄今为止中国政府在法律体系认识和实践上的主要技术特征概括为四个方面，即理性主义的建构思路、国家主义色彩、立法中心-行政配合的运作模式，以及简约主义的风格，认为这些特征在集合意义上铸就了当下中国在法律体系建设上的某种封闭性质；主张就此进行深入反思，并从转型中国社会法治秩序形成的原理和要求出发，树立一种关于中国特色法律体系构建的开放性思考，作出相应的制度安排。

When the fault throw is relatively small, the shale gouge ratio and clay smear potential are relatively large and shale smear is strong. In addition, the coal layers on both sides of the fault are mainly juxtaposed against shale. Therefore, shale smear and juxtaposition play a key role in the sealing. In contrast, when the fault throw is relatively large and shale smear is relatively weak, juxtaposition is unfavorable for sealing. However, the mylonite resulted from strong cataclasis can act as a seal of the coals. The cementation resulted from underground water activity is of great significance to the sealing ability of the fault. Mylonitic coal layers resulted from faulting occur on both sides of the fault. They are unique reservoirs with low permeability and high displacement pressure and their scales depend, to some extent, on the fault throw, fault properties, the hanging wall and footwall.

结果表明：①当断层落差较小时，断层泥比率和泥岩涂抹潜势值较大，泥岩涂抹效应强烈，且与断层两侧煤层对接的岩石主要为泥岩类，此时起封闭作用的主要为泥岩涂抹作用和断层两侧岩性配置关系；②当断层落差较大，泥岩涂抹作用较弱时，对接越不利于封闭形成，但碎裂作用强烈，沿断层两侧形成的糜棱岩对煤层起到了封闭作用；③地下水活动导致的胶结作用对整个断层的封闭具有重要的意义；④断裂作用形成的糜棱煤沿断层两侧分布，此糜棱煤带是一种低渗透、高排替压力的特殊储层，其规模与断层的落差、性质、上下盘都有一定关系。

Based on the research of development characteristics of overthrust fault, its sealing mechanism is ana- lyzed. The evaluation standard and method for sealing ability of fault is established through the following two simulation experiment: one experiment is ,the quantitative relationship between property of filler in fault zone and sealing ability of fault , another experiment is the deformation characteristics of gymsum. By evaluating sealing ability of overthrust faults on several typical structure in Kuche ression,its considered that most cur- rent faults are sealed.

本文通过逆掩断层发育特征研究，分析了逆掩断层封闭机理，在断裂带填充物性质与断层封闭性定量关系模拟实验和膏泥岩变形特征模拟实验基础上建立了断层封闭性评价标准及评价方法，以此对库车坳陷几个典型构造上逆掩断层垂向封闭性进行了评价，结果表明现今断层多是封闭的。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。