封臣

And for obtaining the common counsel of the kingdom anent the assessing of an aid (except in the three cases aforesaid) or of a scutage, we will cause to be summoned the archbishops, bishops, abbots, earls, and greater barons, severally by our letters; and we will moveover cause to be summoned generally, through our sheriffs and bailiffs, and others who hold of us in chief, for a fixed date, namely, after the expiry of at least forty days, and at a fixed place; and in all letters of such summons we will specify the reason of the summons.

就征收贡金或盾牌钱事宜，为获得全国同意，我们应向各人发出书面文件传召大主教、主教、修院长、伯爵和资深男爵集议；此外，我们应通过郡长和执行吏发出普遍传召令，传召其他直属封臣，在确定的时间（明确日期，且须在40日之后）和确定的地点召开会议；在所有传召文件中，均应明确传召的理由。

Secondly, The introduction of feoff system resulted in the partition of the public power of England, feoff system became the extreme obstacle in making a centralized kingdom of England ; The formation of the common law built up an supreme authority for the law.

其次，封君封臣制及庄园制的引入导致王国公共权力的分散，是中央集权的最大障碍；普通法的形成则树立了法律至上的权威，构成了对王权长期而有效的限制。

It became the special relationship between the Seigneur and the Aristocrat on the basis of land ownership.

封君封臣制是西欧封建主义土地所有制的表现形式，它形成了西欧封建各国的国王与贵族之间以土地关系为依托的独特的封君封臣关系，为封建贵族的分裂割据奠定了基础。

This will become important later on, as he is the younger brother of the Count of Shetland, one of my not-so-entirely-loyal vassals.

在此后这会变得很重要，因为他是我的一个并不足够忠诚的封臣Shetland伯爵的弟弟。

The vassal swore that he would be loyal to the king forever.

这位封臣宣誓他将永远忠诚于国王。

Of or relating to the relation of a feudal vassal to his lord.

属于封臣和领主间的封建关系，或有关这种关系。

As a result of the country's feudal lords of his vassal, he needed to collect from the 4200 Knights of the armed forces.

由于全国的封建领主都是他的封臣，在需要是他能够征集起4200名骑士的军队。

A bristling clump of those trees, monkey-brown with a tarry reek, their trunks nightmarishly tangled, still grows at the left side, facing across an untidy lawn to the big curved window of what used to be the living room but which Miss Vavasour prefers to call, in landladyese, the lounge.

那些树，褐色还带着焦灼的气息，躯干像噩梦一样纠缠在一起，它们直立的灌木丛依然生长，就是在靠左的那一旁，面向着一个凌乱的草坪，直到一扇巨大弯曲的窗子，那曾经是一间起居室，但&封臣&小姐站在她老板娘的角度更愿意称呼它是一间休息室。

The royal families of Salian and Staufen appointed many imperial ministeriales as imperial offices to support them to rebuild monarchy. The political situation and economic structure in Germany in that period, namely from 11th to 12th centuries, had a deep slow change; on the political situation Germany transferred from monarchy to local governing, namely territorial states; on the other hand, the commerce resumed and new cities established, social lives were in deep changing in Germany.

萨立安尤其是斯陶芬的王室出于巩固及加强王权的需要而大批任用王室封臣，并委以重任。11、12世纪德国的政治格局，经济结构都在发生着缓慢而深刻的变化；政治上德国正在由中央集权向领地邦国制度过渡；经济上农业发展，商业复兴，城市兴起，可以说，德国的方方面面都在变。

The spirit of feudal system formed after the Conquest was the contract relationship between the seigneurs and vassals, of which the taxation relationship between them was the important part.

诺曼征服后所确立的封建制度的实质即是在封君和封臣之间建立起一种契约关系，而双方的税收征纳关系则是该契约的重要内容。

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

If you have any questions, you can contact me anytime.

如果有任何问题，你可以随时联系我。