封建领主

They were against feudatory, calling for the innovation in social economical system.

所谓"市民"，欧洲中世纪指城市居民，因商品交换的迅速发展和城市的出现而形成，包括手工业者和商人等，他们反对封建领主而要求改革社会经济制度。

The traditional commercial law is only the distinctive production under the feudal separation lasting for a long time in the Europe in the history, where the centralized countries lack of unity, and the political powers and rights distributed among other forces of King, feudatory and church. Its closure and particularity gradually disappeared after being brought into the national jurisprudence. But the scholar s vision had not yet been extended besides the civil law and commercial law, which is the historical origin and main cause of the afterwards problems of the civil and commercial unity and separation argument was difficult to draw a conclusion.

传统商法仅仅是历史上欧洲这一特定地区在缺乏统一的中央集权国家，政治经济权力分散于国王、封建领主、教会几大势力，封建割据长期存在这一特定环境下的独特产物，其封闭性和特殊性在纳入国家法的体系后逐渐丧失；但是学者的视野又没能拓展到民法、商法之外，这是后来民商合一与分立之争长期难成定论的历史根源与主要原因。

Manors are thehangovers of the Occident feudatory system. They incarnate the identity and fortune of the nobleand the squire, and also incarnate the "nobility complex" of the plebs. In the Victorian Age, themanors have become a special fashion in architecture.

庄园是西欧封建领主制经济形态的遗留物，体现了贵族、乡绅阶层对于身份、财富的炫示和民众的"贵族情结"，到维多利亚时代更是形成一种特别的建筑风尚。

The basic class constitution in Tibet is feudal laird and serf before the democracy reformation.

民主改革前的西藏，基本上是封建领主和农奴两大阶级。

So, the writer is try to study manorial system through these aspects, just as land tenure, produce course, producing organization and management, land management, and so on.

本文拟从土地所有制形式、生产劳动过程的组织管理等方面对封建领主直接经营的农业经济体——庄园来进行考察。

Medieval the lord of a palatinate who exercised sovereign powers ''.

在他的领地上享有王权的封建领主。

Medieval the lord of a palatinate who exercised sovereign powers over his lands.

在他的领地上享有王权的封建领主。

Had been in the troubled waters of disintegrate actually, the society dominates to exist with the configuration of seigneur.

实际上已经处于四分五裂的混乱状态，社会统治以封建领主的形态存在。

Feudal lord , seignior

n。 封建领主，君主，诸侯

If you go way back to the Edo period and before," she says,"one of the principal functions of the wife of the shogun and feudal lords was to manage the household.

在江户时代乃至更早的时期，"她说。"管理家政就是幕府将军和封建领主妻子的一项主要职能。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。