封建领主

It was the Medieval city that guaranteed the personal freedom and private property of the burgher class.

以后这种人身自由又通过市民阶级的金钱赎买或暴力斗争获得确认，并通过同封建领主订立"宪章"或特许状，而得到了法律上的承认与巩固。

Tokugawa Era was the last stage of Japanese feudal society controlled by the seigniorial economy.

德川时代是日本封建统治的最后阶段，它以封建小农经济为基础，实行封建领主经济制度。

In Tokugawa Era, the seigniorial economy was the basic economic system. Japan's inheriting Warring States Period policy, the farmers' dominical possess was established.

德川时代是日本封建统治的最后阶段，它以封建小农经济为基础，实行封建领主经济制度。

In Ming Dynasty, feudal landholder s landhololing system is mai n form of the construction of landholding system in Northwest ethnic region, and v arious feudal landholding system exists and develops at the same time.

明代西北民族地区土地所有制结构，是以封建领主土地所有制为主体，多种封建土地所有制同时并存和发展的。

However,the explora-tion of the characteristics of the development of the commodi-ty economy in the feudal Chinese society must first depend on a complete description of the situation of its own rather thanjust a simple comparison between the feudal Chinese landlord system and the Western European suzerain system.

对这个新问题的熟悉应以对其本身的探究为基础，而不能将中国的封建地主制和西欧的封建领主制作简单对比。

However,the explora-tion of the characteristics of the development of the commodi-ty economy in the feudal Chinese society must first depend on a complete description of the situation of its own rather thanjust a ****** comparison between the feudal Chinese landlord system and the Western European suzerain system.

对这个问题的认识应以对其本身的研究为基础，而不能将中国的封建地主制与西欧的封建领主制作简单对比。

Characteristics of the development of commodity economy in the feudal Chinese society have remained an important issuein the study of commodity economy history.,the explora-tion of the characteristics of the development of the commodi-ty economy in the feudal Chinese society must first depend on a complete description of the situation of its own rather thanjust a simple comparison between the feudal Chinese landlord system and the Western European suzerain system.

封建商品的特点是商品经济史中一个首要的重大。对这个问题的认识应以对其本身的研究为基础，而不能将中国的封建地主制与西欧的封建领主制作简单对比。中国封建社会商品经济的特殊性主要表现在：它的发展经历了三个高峰，并形成了多层次和多元化发展封建商品的特点是商品经济史中一个首要的重大。对这个问题的认识应以对其本身的研究为基础，而不能将中国的封建地主制与西欧的封建领主制作简单对比。

However,the explora-tion of the characteristics of the development of the commodi-ty economy in the feudal Chinese society must first depend on a complete description of the situation of its own rather thanjust a simple co mpa rison between the feudal Chinese landlord system and the Western European suzerain system.

中国封建社会商品经济成长的特点是商品经济史研究中一个首要的重大问题。对这个问题的认识应以对其本身的研究为基础，而不能将中国的封建地主制与西欧的封建领主制作简单对比。

In a word, by the research method of comparison and emphasis on the bud, form, development and contabescence of feudal lord system from Song dynasty until the initial stages of liberation, this dissertation discusses the intrinsic factors of the social form of feudal lord system by comparing the similar nationalities, Dai Nationality of Xishuangbanna inYunnan and Zhuang Nationality in western Guangxi, hoping to realize the common disciplinarians of the two nationalities and find the special process of them.

总之，全文通过论述桂西壮族和西双版纳傣族宋代至解放初期封建领主制萌芽、形成、发展、衰亡的发展历程，通过比较的研究方法，比较桂西壮族和西双版纳傣族两个相近似的民族地区在封建领主制这一社会形态中的异同和形成这种异同的内在因素，冀此来认识两个民族社会发展进程中所经历的共同规律，发现这两个民族各自经历的特殊历程。

Along with the development of the agriculture productivity, the seigniors collected high rents and changed them into money.

领主们对土地实施管理职能，收取土地的产出—石高。德川前期，封建领主经济的发展中已经孕含着大量的商品经济成分。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。