封建制度的

Tokugawa Era was the last stage of Japanese feudal society controlled by the seigniorial economy.

德川时代是日本封建统治的最后阶段，它以封建小农经济为基础，实行封建领主经济制度。

In Tokugawa Era, the seigniorial economy was the basic economic system. Japan's inheriting Warring States Period policy, the farmers' dominical possess was established.

德川时代是日本封建统治的最后阶段，它以封建小农经济为基础，实行封建领主经济制度。

The institutions of farmland cultivation in Saccams area is a conception of institutional configuration, that are the aggregation of the interactions of the Hollander, the aborigine and the emigration of Hahn people, as well as the arrangement of formal and informal institutions of agricultural development, including the institutions of feudal tenure, landdag, cabessa, definition the property right, apply for receiving farmland to cultivate, distribute the certificate of land dominium, tithe taxation, encouraging measures etc, which theV.O.

荷据时期台湾赤崁一带之垦佃制度为一制度结构的概念，系为当时期荷、原、汉三者间的互动以及各种与农业发展有关之正式与非正式制度安排的总和，包括荷兰东印度公司由上而下所强加施行之原住民封建领地制度、地方会议制度、汉人首领制度、财产权界定、徵税措施、对汉人移民及从事农作之激励措施等有助於农业发展环境建构之正式制度的安排，以及汉人移民土地拓垦方式、租佃习惯及意识型态等非正式制度的安排。

In fact, commerce was always an important part of feudalism and the feudal economy.

其实，商业始终是封建制度和封建经济的一个重要组成部分。

The Renaissance occurring during the Middle Ages (level 1) produced a huge drive enabling western European countries to cast off feudality and adopt capitalism (level 2); while China's market-oriented economic reform (level 4) entails amendment of constitution and acknowledgement and protection of private property rights (level 2), which is the example of lower institution exerting reverse influence on higher institution.

发生在中世纪晚期的文艺复兴（层次1），对西欧各国摆脱封建制度，进入资本主义制度（层次2）产生了巨大的推动作用；而中国面向市场的经济改革（层次4）要求修改宪法，承认和保护私有产权（层次2），则是低层次制度反作用于高层此制度的例子。

He tries to investigate the feudalization general characters and regional particularity in Europe by the comparative method, and explain further that the feudalization as a kind of society form has its catholicity and particularity.

布洛赫力图通过比较的方法，来探究封建制度在欧洲社会中所呈现的普遍特征与区域的独特性，并进一步说明封建制度作为一种社会形态所具有的普遍性与特殊性。

Part two gives an introduction about the subinfeudation system in Jiangxi, which contains the origin, general situation, main contents about etiquette and reforms.

第二部分概述了明代的分封建藩制度，介绍了封藩制度的由来、明代封藩概况、藩王制度的主要内容和明中后期藩王制度的改革。

Where our dogmatists err on this question is that, on the one hand, they do not understand that we have to study the particularity of contradiction and know the particular essence of individual things before we can adequately know the universality of contradiction and the common essence of things, and that, on the other hand, they do not understand that after knowing the common essence of things, we must go further and study the concrete things that have not yet been thoroughly studied or have only just emerged.

例如，无产阶级和资产阶级的矛盾，用社会主义革命的方法去解决；人民大众和封建制度的矛盾，用民主革命的方法去解决；殖民地和帝国主义的矛盾，用民族革命战争的方法去解决；在社会主义社会中工人阶级和农民阶级的矛盾，用农业集体化和农业机械化的方法去解决；共产党内的矛盾，用批评和自我批评的方法去解决；社会和自然的矛盾，用发展生产力的方法去解决。

Lease system in ancient China in the development of traditional Chinese culture, ideology, and social ethical concepts, socio-economic system, clan system, the feudal hierarchy, and social factors have been imbued with the history of its development, affecting the ancient Chinese system of the direction of the lease.

在中国古代契约制度的发展过程中，中国传统文化思想、社会伦理观念、社会经济制度、宗族制度、封建等级制度等社会因素一直贯穿着其发展历程，影响着中国古代契约制度的走向。

Justice of the division folded flag insulted, study its main reason for this is caused by the decadent feudal system, especially the Qing government long-term implementation of "closed door" policy, resulting in China's economic and military backwardness, broadswords and spears can not stand by importing foreign weapons combat, but also the advanced capitalist system over the backward, decadent feudal system, cast insult to the nation.

正义之师折旗受辱，究其最主要的原因，是腐朽的封建制度造成的，尤其是清政府长期实行&闭关锁国&政策，导致中国经济和军事落后，大刀长矛经不起洋枪洋炮的打击，也是先进的资本主义制度战胜了落后的、腐朽的封建制度，铸成民族的奇耻大辱。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。