封建制度

Ancient understanding in complicity can be traced back to 3,000 years in China.

在中国古代对共同犯罪的认识可以追溯到三千年前，到了唐代，对共同犯罪制度又有了进一步的发展，明确提出了共同犯罪的定义，并详细规定了关于共同犯罪的种类、共犯人的分类及各自的责任、处罚原则等，使封建刑法的共犯制度趋于完整。

Led by Cai Yuanpei and his associates in the eary yeare of the Republic of China, the educational reform aiming at effacement of the feudal influence and diversification of educational values brought forth the new aim and system of eduation.

它标志着在中国延续两千多年的封建君主专制制度的终结和资产阶级共和制度的诞生，是中国从传统社会向近代社会转变过程中的一个重要里程碑，极大地推动了中国教育近代化的历史进程。

Japan take the Chinese feudalism law as the pattern law system legal framework to the modern Western Europe law pattern transformation, is the Japan legal framework first transformation, after World War II Japan abolishes the Fascist legal regime under the American law influence, through the democratized reform, the revision multitudinous department law, the social economic rules and regulations receives especially takes highly, is the Japan legal framework second transformation, along with the time vicissitude, the original legal framework occurrence"the system is weary", complied with the marketability, the informationization, an advanced age isochronism generation of tidal current, the legal framework has the omni-directional transformation is the Japan legal framework third transformation.

日本以中国封建法律为模式的律令制法律体系向近代西欧法律模式的转变，是日本法律体系的第一次转换，二战后日本在美国法影响下废除法西斯法律制度，通过民主化改革，修改众多部门法，尤其社会经济法受到高度重视，是日本法律体系的第二次转换，随着时代变迁，原有法律体系发生"制度疲劳"，顺应市场化、信息化、高龄化等时代潮流，法律体系发生全方位转变是日本法律体系的第三次转换。

Local self-government was a kind of regional administrative system set up by the rising capitalists who opposed monarchism and wanted to share the political rights.

地方自治是新兴资产阶级为反对封建专制制度、参与政权而倡立的一种地方管理制度。

The 1959 democratic reform abolished feudal serfdom, and made fundamental reforms in the ownership of the means of production, which prompted rapid economic development.

1959年实施的民主改革废除了封建农奴制度，对生产资料的所有制形式进行了根本改革，这些制度改革促进了经济的快速发展。

The inflation showed the increase of paper money and stagnancy of market and lost of government credit and the rise of price.

金代纸币交钞的发行使用早于金属货币与金代纸币交钞的恶性通货膨胀是金代货币制度与中国其他封建朝代货币制度相比所具有的特点。

The surviveand development of CA law system can not leave the certain material life condition andcertain production pattern, so, different CA ecology reflects different economy foundation: Traditional accusatorial action based on the ethics order is co-related with the originaleconomy ecology; Traditional inquisitorial action based on the administrative order isco-related with developed cultural economy ecology. The difference of western economyecology and eastern economy ecology leads to the different genes though them faced thesame traditional inquisitorial action. The modern CA based on the law order lies on thedeveloped commercial economy, the mature market economy and modern citizen societybring about the modern CA ecology whose task is resolve the action contradiction withration.

刑事诉讼法律制度的生存和发展同样不能离开特定社会的物质生活条件，生产力水平与生产方式等条件，因此，不同的刑事诉讼生态反映的是完全不同的经济基础：以伦理秩序为特征的弹劾式诉讼与原始经济生态密不可分；而以行政秩序为特征的纠问式诉讼与较为发达的农业经济生态互为依存，当然也正是由于西方封建经济生态与东方社会封建经济生态的巨大差异导致同样的纠问式诉讼孕育着不同的系统突变基因；以法律秩序为特征的现代刑事诉讼则立基于高度发达的商品经济生态基础之上，比较成熟的市场经济环境和现代市民社会的形成不断地催生着以理性解决严重刑事冲突的现代刑事诉讼生态。

The former leads to claustral psychology and the latter impels the men of letters to change their understanding of landscape and idyll to form in its real meaning. mode of life ; claustral ; metaphysics ; aesthetics

一、封建政治经济制度影响下形成的特定生活模式，促使晋宋士大夫文人对山水田园产生强烈的依恋，诱发山水田园诗的形成中国封建社会的政治制度是君主集权的独裁统治，它所带来的君主迫害、政治斗争、官场倾轧常使士大夫们对自己身

It is instructive nowadays for our anti-corruption education and its construction though these measures had shortcomings and were used merely for the feudal government, so as to give the superior education of the reserve cadres, to strengthen the pertinence of the educational content and the efficiency of the ways of education as well as the compulsoriness of the educational system.

尽管采取这些措施的出发点是为了维护明朝的封建统治，且这些措施本身也存在着诸多缺陷，但其内容和方法对我们当前的反腐倡廉教育和廉政制度建设仍有积极的借鉴意义。我们当前在后备干部队伍的超前教育、增强教育内容的针对性和教育方式方法的有效性以及强化教育制度建设的强制性等方面，都可从中获得有益的启示和鉴戒。

The causation of the cosmical escape are all types . such as labor style turned collective farming to petty farmer farming ; clan lived together turned to a family lived alone ; feodal bureaucracy instead the hereditary ; the annex of the earth ; natural calamity ;the corruption of the officials ; chaos caused by war and so on .

引起大规模逃亡犯罪出现的表层原因有土地兼并、苛捐杂税、自然灾害、吏治腐败、战乱侵扰等等：而深层原因则在于社会劳动方式从村社集体耕作变为小农独立耕作、基层经济组织由宗族为单位变为小家庭独立生产、政治制度由封建官僚代替世卿世禄等经济、政治制度的变化。

The labia have now been sutured together almost completely.The drains and the Foley catheter come out at the top.

此刻阴唇已经几乎完全的缝在一起了，排除多余淤血体液的管子和Foley导管从顶端冒出来。

To get the business done, I suggest we split the difference in price.

为了做成这笔生意，我建议我们在价格上大家各让一半。