封建制度

The English Civil War not only overthrew feudal system in England but also shocked the foundation of the feu dal rule in Europe.

英国内战不仅推翻叻英国的封建制度，而且动摇叻欧洲封建统治的基础。

In fact, commerce was always an important part of feudalism and the feudal economy.

其实，商业始终是封建制度和封建经济的一个重要组成部分。

With feudality's ending and the transition to democracy, the period from the late Qing to the early times of Minguo is a especially special phase in the Chinese modern history.

晚清民初的几十年是中国近代史上极为特殊的时期。数千年沿袭的封建制度终于走向穷途，形式上被一种新的民主政体所代替，但是积袭在人们头脑中封建陈腐的思想却不是一朝一夕既能摆脱的。

The Renaissance occurring during the Middle Ages (level 1) produced a huge drive enabling western European countries to cast off feudality and adopt capitalism (level 2); while China's market-oriented economic reform (level 4) entails amendment of constitution and acknowledgement and protection of private property rights (level 2), which is the example of lower institution exerting reverse influence on higher institution.

发生在中世纪晚期的文艺复兴（层次1），对西欧各国摆脱封建制度，进入资本主义制度（层次2）产生了巨大的推动作用；而中国面向市场的经济改革（层次4）要求修改宪法，承认和保护私有产权（层次2），则是低层次制度反作用于高层此制度的例子。

He tries to investigate the feudalization general characters and regional particularity in Europe by the comparative method, and explain further that the feudalization as a kind of society form has its catholicity and particularity.

布洛赫力图通过比较的方法，来探究封建制度在欧洲社会中所呈现的普遍特征与区域的独特性，并进一步说明封建制度作为一种社会形态所具有的普遍性与特殊性。

But these three kinds of intellectual image respectively are: The first kind is the feudalism victim and the fall guy; The second kind is the feudalism vindicator and the follower; The third kind is the feudalism destroyer and the resister.

而这三类知识分子形象分别为：第一类是封建制度的受害者和牺牲者；第二类是封建制度的维护者和追随者；第三类是封建制度的破坏者和反抗者。

The end of Czars'censorship implies that the whole censorship system, or the fence around the feudal system in Europe had been completely overthrown.

沙皇书报检查制度的终结表明整个欧洲的检查制度，或者说捍卫封建制度的防护栏被彻底推翻。

Feudalism in Europe was mainly a system of land holding-a system of holding land in exchange for military service.

欧洲的封建制度实际上是一种土地所有制度，这种制度可以使得拥有土地的人拿土地去换取他人的军事保护。

The landlord class, open-minded elements in the mid-19th century also began the so-called "barbarians technology in order to stop the barbarians," the Westernization Movement, but as part of a system, they can not recognize the system itself is the greatest sin, the Westernization Movement The results also an important leader Li as they like, just as the Qing temporary wall paper maker managed to maintain the situation, but intensified the European and American came crashing down before the end impunity for the fate of.

地主阶级的开明分子在19世纪中叶也开始了所谓&师夷长技以制夷&的洋务运动，但作为制度的组成部分，他们不可能认识到制度本身才是最大的罪孽，因此洋务运动的结果也一如其重要的领导人李鸿章一样，仅仅成为大清一时的裱糊匠，勉强维持局面，但在愈演愈烈的欧风美雨面前最终难脱轰然倒塌的命运。1901年《辛丑条约》的签定，既是清政府彻底沦为列强工具的开始，也标志着先进的资本主义制度对封建制度的彻底征服。

Justice of the division folded flag insulted, study its main reason for this is caused by the decadent feudal system, especially the Qing government long-term implementation of "closed door" policy, resulting in China's economic and military backwardness, broadswords and spears can not stand by importing foreign weapons combat, but also the advanced capitalist system over the backward, decadent feudal system, cast insult to the nation.

正义之师折旗受辱，究其最主要的原因，是腐朽的封建制度造成的，尤其是清政府长期实行&闭关锁国&政策，导致中国经济和军事落后，大刀长矛经不起洋枪洋炮的打击，也是先进的资本主义制度战胜了落后的、腐朽的封建制度，铸成民族的奇耻大辱。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。