封地的

If a man holds Crown land by fee-farm , by socage , or by burgage , and also holds land of another lord for knight's service , we will not have (by reason of that fee-farm, socage, or burgage) the wardship of his heir or of such land he holds of the other lord's fief .

如果一个人拥有官地的收费农场，由socage ，或由burgage ，还拥有土地的另一主奈特的服务，我们将不会有（因该费用的农场， socage ，或burgage ）的看管的他的继承人，或对这种土地的他拥有的其他主的封地。

If a man holds lands of any 'escheat' such as the 'honour' ofWallingford, Nottingham, Boulogne, Lancaster, or of other 'escheats' inour hand that are baronies, at his death his heir shall give us onlythe 'relief' and service that he would have made to the baron, had thebarony been in the baron's hand.

如果一个人领有不可继承的土地，比如我们奖赏给巴仁的沃灵佛德，诺廷翰，布隆，兰柯斯特或者其他地方的封地，在他死后，他的后嗣只要缴纳租金和提供他应当向爵位提供的服役，就可以拥有巴仁的爵位。

The fiefs of vassals, the prebends of patrimonial officials, the salaries of modern civil servants, the honor of knights, the privileges of estates, and the honor of the civil servant comprise their respective wages.

诸侯的封地，祖传官员的俸禄，当代公仆的工资，骑士的荣誉，登记的特权，仆人的荣誉组成了各自的报酬。

Are immediate major excommunication, the incapacity for all and singular legal acts of any kind, being branded as infamous, and the penalties expressed in the law of treason; in addition for the aforesaid ecclesiastical and religious persons, the loss of all patriarchal, metropolitan and other cathedral churches, of all monasteries, priories and convents, and of all secular dignities and ecclesiastical benefices, as well as the inability to hold them in the future; and in addition for secular persons, the loss of any fiefs held for any reason from the Roman or some other church, and the inability to hold them in the future.

主要是立即逐出教会，没有能力对所有与奇异法律行为的任何一种，被命名为臭名昭著的，并表示处罚法的叛逆罪；除了为上述教会和宗教人士，丧失所有重男轻女，城市和其他大教堂教堂，所有寺院，修道院和修道院和所有世俗的尊严和教会benefices ，以及无法追究他们的未来；除了对世俗的人，丧失了任何封地以任何理由从罗马或其他一些教堂，并且不能追究他们的未来。

The second phase is made of elections, when all baronies are taken, and when a player without any title launches an attack against a player-owned fortress.

第二阶段，即当所有的封地都被玩家占领后，如果一个没有头衔的玩家想争夺一个已经被其他玩家占领的要塞的控制权时，需要通过选举的方式。

But as, under civilized governments which are calculated for the peace of mankind, such a constitution would be productive of endless disturbances, the universal law of almost every nation (which is a kind of secondary law of nature) has either given the dying person a power of continuing his property, by disposing of his possessions by will; or, in case he neglects to dispose of it, or is not permitted to make any disposition at all, the municipal law of the country then steps in, and declares who shall be the successor, representative, or heir of the deceased; that is, who alone shall have a right to enter upon this vacant possession, in order to avoid that confusion, which its becoming again common would occasion.10 And farther, in case no testament be permitted by the law, or none be made, and no heir can be found so qualified as the law requires, still, to prevent the robust title of occupancy from again taking place, the doctrine of escheats is adopted in almost every country; whereby the sovereign of the state, and those who claim under his authority, are the ultimate heirs, and succeed to those inheritances, to which no other title can be formed.

但是因为，在最多只能为了人类和平的文明政府之下，这样的制度将会产生无穷无尽的混乱，所以几乎每个国家的普遍法律要么给与将死的人一种权力来继续他的财产权，依他的意志来处置他的财产；要么，他忽略了对它们的处置，或者不允许对它们进行任何处置，那么，国家的自治法律便进入，并宣布谁应当成为死者的后继者，代理人或继承人；即，唯有谁能够拥有权利进入这个所有者空缺的财产位置，以避免这些财产再一次进入共有状态将引起的混乱。进一步而言，在法律禁止订立遗嘱，或没有订立遗嘱，且不能找到符合法律所要求资格的继承者的情况下，为了阻止再次产生占有资格的问题，在几乎所有的国家都采用了&所有权重归领主&（escheat：最初来源于为避免土地处于废弃和无主的状态，土地的所有权重归上一级的封地领主）的原则；据此，国家的君主或声称为他的下级的人，便成为继承人的最后的选择，并实际继承那些遗产，对此没有别的资格。

But there is plenty of sensible reorganisation to be done—America's system is a chaotic rivalry of conflicting fiefs, Britain's an ambiguous "tripartite" regime—and there is a useful general principle to enforce.

但是仍然有许多可行的重组需要帮助——美国的制度是在混乱的竞争中，他们要面对封地，英国模棱两可的&三权分立&政治制度——而且也有很多行之有效的措施去对付。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。