导致分裂

The results showed that the cell wall organization during anther development failed to divide into inner-wall, middle and tapetum normally, and not to provide material, energy and information transfer for the development of pollen mother cells, resulting in the occurrence of abnormal pollen mother cells separatist period; thus which could not form a normal pollen grains which led to abortion.

结果表明，不育花药壁组织在发育过程中，没有分化形成正常的内壁、中层及绒毡层，不能为花粉母细胞的发育提供物质、能量和信息的传递，造成花粉母细胞在减数分裂期发生异常，不能形成正常的四分体，因而未能形成正常的花粉粒而导致败育。

The results of the dissertation were concluded as follows:(1) It is essential to deposit a basic additive on the Mo-based catalysts for the synthesis of CH_3SH. The potassium-doped Mo-based catalysts exhibit the highest activity than that of the catalysts doped with the otherⅠA andⅡA group basic promoters. H_2-TPR and LRS characterizations suggest that the addition of a base leads to the transformation of octahedrally coordinated Mo to tetrahedrally coordinated Mo, thus leads to the split of low temperature reduction peaks. The interaction between the basic components and Mo lead to the formation of B-Mo interface phase, which are closely correlated with the formation of CH_3SH.(2) It has been found that Fe, Co, Ni and Te have evident promoting effects for the K-Mo/SiO_2 catalysts.

主要结果归纳如下：(1)在Mo基催化剂中，必须添加碱才具有可观的合成甲硫醇活性，在IA和IIA族元素中，K是最佳的碱促进剂，当K/Mo摩尔比为2，前驱体为K_2CO_3，采用共浸法制备的K-Mo催化剂活性最高。H_2-TPR和LRS表征显示，碱的加入导致表面八面体钼氧物种向四面体转化，催化剂的低温还原峰发生分裂，碱助剂与钼之间存在强相互作用形成了B-Mo"界面相"，该物种与合成甲硫醇密切相关。

Fertilization results in triploid or tetraploid individuals.

这是由于染色体在第一次减数分裂的后期没有分离而导致了多倍的而不是单倍体的配子，受精后产生了三倍或四倍体。

Topoisomerases uncoil DNA before cell division, and altering the work of the enzyme leads to tumor cell death.

拓普异构酶在细胞分裂前使DNA解旋并改变酶功能导致肿瘤细胞死亡。

Topoisomerases uncoil DNA before cell diision, and altering the work of the enzyme leads to tumor cell death.

拓普异构酶在细胞分裂前使DNA解旋并改变酶功能导致肿瘤细胞死亡。

High unemployment and underemployment waste human resources, exacerbate poverty, and sometimes lead to social disintegration.

高失业率及未充分就业浪费了人力资源，使贫穷问题恶化，有时候更会导致社会分裂。

The results showed that the changes of the types were not caused by new cell mutation, but by translocation of the different cell types of variegation. The changes of division direction of white cells and green cells resulted that some of the green epidermal cells translocated into the second layer and it pushed furthermore the origin white cells of the second layer into the third layer, so that the variegation altered.

Pollock'突变型异化不是由于细胞突变形成，而是由于质体突变型白色细胞和原型绿色细胞在生长发育过程中相互竞争转轨所致，即白色细胞和原型绿色细胞改变了分裂方向，部分表皮绿色细胞进人第二层，挤压第二层白色细胞转轨进人第三层，导致细胞类型的移位，从而形成异型斑。

Venomously divided over the policies of Mr Musharraf, including a blundering counter-insurgency campaign, the MMA has also split.

由于对穆沙拉夫政策的意见不同导致各方恶毒地针锋相对，包括了一个考虑欠周的反起义作战政策，这样也引发了MMA的内部出现了分裂。

Studies also indicated that genistein exsists not only in soybeans but also in many kinds of plants such as vegetables and fruits.As a potential anticancer agent, the actional mechanisms of genistein mainly includes as follows:First, genistein can depress the activity of protein tyrosine kinase and transduction pathways for the phosphorylation of receptors and mitosis signal. So genistein can lead to cells' proliferation depressed. Second, genistein has minimal effects of phytoestrogens. It can be combined with estrogen receptor and improve the synthesis of cellular sex hormone binding glulobin, and improve the activity of UDP-glucuronyl transferase. Through these pathways, it can inhibit the cell activity of breast cancer and prostate cancer.

作为一个很有潜力的抗肿瘤物质，三羟异黄酮的作用机制主要包括：①抑制蛋白酪氨酸激酶活性，可阻抑PTK引起的受体磷酸化和有丝分裂的信号传递，导致癌细胞增殖受抑；②弱雌激素作用：可通过与体内雌激素受体结合，并可增加细胞内性激素结合球蛋白的合成，增加UDP-葡糖醛酸转移酶的活性等途径抑制乳腺癌和前列腺癌细胞活性；③拓扑酶Ⅰ和Ⅱ抑制剂，抑制细胞活性；④上调细胞周期性负性调节因子P21WAF1/CIP1的表达，使之负性调节因子作用增强；⑤可阻止胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ、肝细胞生长因子和神经生长因子的作用而抑制肿瘤生长；⑥其他：抗氧化作用、抑制热休克蛋白、诱导细胞凋亡、抑制新生血管生成和抑制多种耐药相关蛋白等。

Using cytohischemical staining methods, with the results of comparison the dynamics of proteins and polysaccharides in the anthe wall cells and colule cells of different developmental phases in female and male flowers, the anormogenesis of anther tapetum in the inflecting phase of from bisexual flower to unisexual flower was observed. In microspore developed phase, the tapetum functions of preserving and transportingmutritive material for microspore development and of secreting callosal enzyme for decompositing callosal cell lost no normal guadrant formed, of being abnormal meiose of pollen mother cells, and then, the stamen aborted selectively in female flowers and pistil in male flower.

利用细胞组织化学染色技术，对雌、雄花雄蕊花药壁细胞及花药内细胞发育过程中多糖及蛋白质动态进行了比较，实验中观察到雌花在从两性至单性花转变时期雄蕊绒毡层在整个发育过程中表现异常，在小孢子发育过程中未能起到贮藏、转运营养物质供小孢子发育及适时分泌胼胝质酶溶解胼胝质壁的功能，并且花粉母细胞减数分裂异常而未形成四分体结构，进而导致雌花雄蕊选择性败育，而雄花中雌蕊组织也发生了选择性败育过程。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。