导数

In chapterⅡ, Firstly, we research the derivable mappings at unit and the anti-derivable mappings at zero point on Von Neumann algebra M.

证明了在单位可导和在单位反可导的范数连续的线性映射是M上的内导子，在零点反可导的范数连续的线性映射是M上的广义内导子。

Subsequently, we discuss the generalized derivable mappings at zero point on standard operator algebras and show that every generalized derivable mapping at zero point on standard operator algebras is a generalized inner derivation.

其次又对标准算子代数上的在零点广义可导的线性映射进行了讨论，证明了标准算子代数上的在零点广义可导的线性映射是广义内导子。

In chapter 3, Jordan derivations and Jordan isomorphisms of nest algebras are investigated. It is proved that every Jordan derivation of nest algebra is an inner derivation. Every Jordan isomorphism between nest algebras is either an isomorphism or an anti-isomorphism. Finally, a norm estimate for derivations of nest subalgebras of von Neumann algebras is given, and it is shown that every nest subalgebra of factor von Neumann algebras has property AIP .

第三章研究了套代数上的Jordan导子和Jordan同构，证明了套代数上的每一个Jordan导子都是内导子；套代数之间的每一个Jordan同构要么是同构要么是反同构；最后给出了因子von Neumann代数中套子代数上导子的一个范数估计，同时也证明了因子von Neumann代数中的任何一个套子代数都具有AIP性质。

Secondly, we discuss generalizedderivable mappings at unit and Jordan derivable mappings at unit on Von Neumannalgebra, and we prove that every norm continuous linear mapping generalized deriv- able at unit is a generalized inner derivation, every norm continuous linear mappingJordan derivable at unit is a inner derivation.

其次对Von Neumann代数M上的在单位广义可导和在单位Jordan可导的线性咉射进行了讨论，证明了在单位广义可导的范数连续的线性映射是M上的广义内导子，在单位Jordan可导的范数连续的线性映射是M上的内导子。

It is proved that every Lie derivation of nest algebra is the sum of an associative derivation and a general trace. Every Lie isomorphism between nest subalgebras of a factor von Neumann algebra is the sum of an isomorphism and a general trace or the sum of a negative anti-isomorphism and a general trace. Lie invariant subspace of linear mappings on Banach algebras is introduced, and linear maps from nest subalgebra of a factor von Neumann algebra into itself which satisfy the property that the space of derivations is their Lie invariant subspaces are characterized. Simultaneously, it is shown that such maps are Lie derivations modulo the set of scalar multiple of the identity.

得到Lie导子的特征表示，即套代数上的任何一个Lie导子都是内导子与广义迹之和；给出了Lie同构和同构及反同构之间的关系，即因子von Neumann代数中套子代数之间的任何一个Lie同构要么是同构与广义迹之和要么是负反同构与广义迹之和；引入了Banach代数上线性映射的Lie不变子空间，并给出von Neumann代数中套子代数上以导子空间为Lie不变子空间的线性映射的一个刻画，同时也表明在模去数乘恒等映射的意义下，以导子空间为Lie不变子空间的线性映射就是Lie导子。

Some conclusions are inducted through the study: first, grid nudging with the rountine observed data in the MM5 simulation of atmospheric duct affects less over the sea than the land;Second,how much of sigma levels have great influence on simulation of atmospheric duct and the MM5 simulation with more sigma levels depicting the atmospheric ducts are reasonable; Last, multiple nests are allowed on a given level of nesting domain in the MM5 model.

通过研究得到了以下结论：(1)利用常规资料进行格点同化对海上大气波导影响较小，对陆地影响较大；(2)垂直分层对大气波导特征参数影响明显，层数较多描述大气波导比较合适；(3)对于海上大气波导，细网格刻画大气波导特征参数比较细致，但粗网格的模拟已经足够进行大气波导分析。

It was found greater expression of NRP2-1 and NRP2-2 in pituitary, ovary, uterus and oviduct of ruttish Erhualian than corresponding tissues of ruttish Duroc, which suggested enhancing expression of NRP2 was favorable to increasing litter size. But the difference of NRP2 expression was not significant between two breeds, which suggested the key phase that NRP2 affected litter size was not oestrum probably, or NRP2 could enlarge cell signals and finally affect litter size ascribe that it was the receptor of nerve axon guidance factors.

NRP2-1和NRP2-2在发情期二花脸卵巢、子宫、输卵管中的表达量均大于杜洛克相应组织的表达量，推测NRP2表达水平高可能有利于提高产仔数，但两品种间表达差异不明显，推测NRP2影响产仔数的关键阶段可能不是猪的发情期；另外，NRP2 是神经轴突介导因子的受体，这些神经轴突转导的信号往往有级联放大的功能，虽然NRP2-1和NRP2-2在二花脸和杜洛克卵巢、子宫、输卵管中的表达差异不大，但二花脸有可能通过神经系统转导信号的级联放大最终引起一些效应激素或蛋白的急剧增加，从而提高排卵率或产仔数。

And by applying the linear dispersion relation of wave, all the properties of wave refraction including wave rays, constant phase lines, phase function and crest lines etc., can be expressed in explicit functions. By introducing an orthogonal curvilinear coordinate along the wave ray and the constant phase line, and with an estimated scale factor, the refraction coefficients along any wave ray can then be determined. The present results are verified by ordinary wave ray theory and some previous numerical results.

就此特例情况在波浪的线性分散关係的应用下，前进波浪折射现象的整体特性，包括波向线、等位相线、位相函数与波峰线皆被导述出明確显然的函数表示；同时引入由沿著波向线与等位相线所构成的完全符合波浪折射几何通性的正交曲线座標，求出其尺度因子后，由能通量守衡原则定出沿著任一条波向线上的折射係数；並由之对往昔纯依两相邻的波向线间的几何类比所给定的折射係数给予导証之。

The type of the limit state function is set up according to the Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion which can consider the direction of the slip surface; and the derivatives of the stress to the basic stochastic variables of the slope are computed by using partial differential method based on the incremental tangent stiffness method and the accelerating convergence method of Aitken.

其中功能函数的形式是以考虑滑面方向的Mohr-Coulomb屈服准则来建立的；导数的求解采用的是基于增量切线刚度法及Aitken加速算法的偏微分法；边坡整体可靠指标取的是所有可能滑面的可靠指标的最小值。

In this paper,an absorbance ratio-derivative method for the simultaneous determinaton of mercury and lead has been developed.

提出了运用吸光度比值-导数光谱同时测定Hg2+和Pb2+的新方法。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。