导叶

A simplified method was proposed to deal with the boundary condition at the turbine unit for transient calculation. This method is based on the statistical analysis of turbine hill chart and the Eular equation for water turbines. According to the Eular equation, the basic geometry parameters of the turbine, such as guide vane opening a, blade outlet angle β2, the relative blade width of outletb2, the relative height of wicket gateb0 and the relative turbine exit radiusr2 are obtained through curvilinear regression of the water turbine hill charts.

为解决目前水轮机过渡过程计算中确定水轮机边界条件时通常使用的外特性法和内特性法的不足之处，结合这2种方法的优点，提出一种在水轮机过渡过程计算中处理水轮机边界条件的方法，即根据综合特性曲线的数据，利用统计分析方法和水轮机基本理论公式，计算水轮机基于内特性解析方程的基本参教，如出流角α、转轮出口安放角β、转轮出口相对宽度b2、导叶相对高度b0、转轮出口相对半径r2，在特性曲线上的规律。

The distribution of gas-solid two-phase flow in the axial guide vane cyclone tube was measured with five-orifice pitot tube and by means of isokinetic sampling method.

为研究颗粒分离机理，提高分离性能，采用五孔球探针测试仪及等动采样法对轴流导叶式旋风管内气固两相流速度与压力分布进行了测量，并分别对不同导流锥和排尘结构参数下的纯气流流场及颗粒浓度场分布进行了对比分析。

Hydraulics are custom-tuned for the actual duty point by employing innovative diffuser technology.

其应用创新的导叶技术，针对实际水力工况点进行定制调整。

As the complete characteristic curves of reversible pump turbine are often used to calculate the instantaneous parameters, this paper studies the characteristic curve and the wicket closure and opening law in pumped storage plants.Chapter 1 presents the importance and the necessity of this study and reviews the previous related research on hydraulic transient process and valve regulation in pumped storage plants.Chapter 2 analyzes the six collected characteristic curves of reversible pumped turbine and studies their diversification from the point of view of specific speed. The six collected discharge and moment curves with maximum efficiency have been fitted to piecewise continuous curves. This curve-fitting procedure is listed.Chapter 3 takes Liyang Pumped storage plant as an example and analyzes the effect of different characteristic curves on regulation guarantee parameters and the variety of its trochoid during the same operation status.Chapter 4 takes three pumped storage plants with different heads as examples and studies the characteristic of coordinated closure with wicket gate and ball valve and its effect on dynamic pressure in the spiral case, inlet pressure in the draft tube and the rise of rotating speed.Chapter 5 summarizes this paper and point out what should be done in the future research.

由于在过渡过程分析计算中，需要频繁利用可逆式机组的全特性曲线推求机组的瞬时参数，所以本文就特性曲线及关闭规律问题进行了研究，其主要内容如下：第1章，指出本文研究的意义和目的，回顾前人对水力过渡过程、抽水蓄能电站及阀调节的研究成果，在此基础上提出本文的研究内容；第2章，针对收集到的六套特性曲线，从比转速的角度出发来研究可逆式机组特性曲线的变化规律；并对六套曲线的最高效率流量和力矩曲线进行分段拟合，得到各分段函数的具体形式，再通过举例说明最高效率曲线的拟合步骤；第3章，以溧阳抽水蓄能电站为实例，分析讨论不同比转速特性曲线对调保参数造成的影响及对于相同工况其轨迹线的变化；第4章，结合高、中、低三水头段抽水蓄能电站，在导叶直线关闭的基础上，研究导叶与球阀协联关闭规律的特点及对蜗壳动水压力、尾水管进口压力及转速上升造成的影响；第5章，总结全文，提出今后研究的重点和方向。

Based on an analvsis of the aerodvnamicnoise source and its theoretical moddf of thelow pressure axial flow fan,and with the theory of the boundary layer and the aerodynamictheory of peripheral control inside the turbomachine blade,a new peripheral control methodwith additional guide vanes fitted on the blade surface is preposed.

在分析轴流式风机噪声源及其理论模型的基础上，应用叶轮机械叶片内部绕流控制的气动理论与边界层理论，提出了设置在工作轮叶尖与沿叶高上、中、下后缘处的附加导叶装置，以控制叶尖间隙噪声与沿叶高出口尾迹涡流噪声。

For the optimization of the structure parameters and operation ones of the cylindrical three-phase cyclone with a vaned inlet and a direct-current outlet which is used for separating the mixtures of solid and liquid particles from gas flow, gas fluid field in three-phase cyclone was measured by five-hole pressure probe under two fluxes.

为了对用于液固混合物与气相分离的直筒型导叶直流式三相旋流器进行结构参数和操作参数的优化，使用五孔球探针对直筒型导叶直流式三相旋流器的气相流场在两个流量下进行了实验测定。

The results indicate: diversion shell can transform the kinetic energy of fluid into pressure energy well, and eliminate the circumferential component of fluid; the inlet incidence angle of vaned diffuser increases at the condition of O.8Q, and it results in flow separation very likely and the hydraulic loss increases; it is nearly non-impact inflow at the condition of 1.2Q, and the velocity distribution is uniform at the inlet of vaned diffuser and flow separation dose not appear.

结果表明：导流壳能很好地将叶轮中流出的流体的动能转化为压能，并消除速度的圆周分量；在0.8Q工况下，空间导叶的进口冲角增大，容易在空间导叶背面产生流动分离，造成水力损失增加；在1.2Q工况下，空间导叶的进口接近无冲击入流，在进口处流速分布较均匀，其内部未发生流动分离现象。

Studies on the Technology of Path Planning in Automatic Grinding and Polishing Die and Mould with Free-form Surfaces;2. The grinding machine controller controlled by computer directly for the repairing hydraulic turˉbine guide vane was designed.

针对水轮机活动导叶的修复问题，设计了微机直接控制的水轮机活动导叶打磨用机械手控制器，它可控制五个自由度，方便地修复各种形状复杂的活动导叶。

At present, most hydropower plants close the wicket gate by using the closing law with two or three slopes. In fact, as the unit capacity goes up and the turbine working range of water head be even wider than before, so that the fixed closing law with two or three slopes can't control the unit stability effectively when the big fluctuation transient comes op.

目前，普遍采用导叶两段或三段关闭规律，实践表明，随着水轮发电机组容量的增大和水轮机工作水头范围的增大，这种固定的两段或三段导叶关闭方式不能有效地控制机组在大波动水力过渡过程中的稳定性。

Firstly, turbine wicket gate bearing was held; secondly, overstressing of the turbine wicket gate appeared after storage of the unit being increased; thirdly, permeable quantity of turbine wicket gate clearance was high.

1水轮机导叶轴承抱轴问题；(2)机组增容后水轮机导叶所受应力超限问题；(3)水轮机导叶间隙漏水量较大问题。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。