对面的

Through the research of direct search method based on 3D FEM, and its application for the tunnel slope stability analysis, the objectives of this work in this paper are as follows:1. The dynamic programming as well as its application for 3D side slope stability analysis is studied. With the introduction of graph theory concept, one kind of glide pattern of 3D slope is constructed, and the critical slip surface with smallest safety factor is searched with the aid of one auxiliary function including safety factor;2. Using the C++ programming language, the 3D slope stability analysis and the direct search procedure is established, and this method is testified applicably by some contrast analysis, also some influence factor in analysis is discussed;3. Integrated with the different actual situation in tunnel slope, considered its excavation, timbering and rain infiltration, its stability influence and rule is researched used this method, also some processing measure is proposed.

本文通过对三维有限元直接搜索法的研究，并将其应用于隧道边坡的稳定性分析中，主要的研究内容有：1、研究了动态规划原理及其在三维边坡稳定性分析中的应用，引入图论概念，构筑出一种边坡三维滑裂面的滑动模式，借助一个包含安全系数的辅助函数并通过动态搜索求得临界滑裂面与最小安全系数；2、采用C++程序设计语言，编制出边坡三维稳定性分析以及直接搜索法的程序，通过一些算例的对比分析，验证本文方法的适用性，并讨论了三维分析中的一些影响因素。3、结合隧道边坡的不同实际情况，考虑施工开挖过程、衬砌结构及降雨渗流等方面的因素，利用本文方法研究对其稳定性的影响和规律，并提出处理措施

This dissertation integrates the practice from the Jin Chao speedway .It analyses and discusses the capability,evaluation method,production,design and construct in technique for the modified asphalt and modified asphalt mixtures, the article discuss is preventing ways for the forepart damage of asphaltic roads,and also summarizes many practical conclusions from a mass of testing date.

本论文结合锦朝高速公路的实践，着重对SBS改性沥青和改性沥青混合料的性能、评价方法、生产制造和设计及施工技术进行了分析和探讨；在论文中，对沥青路面的早期破坏现象的防止措施进行了全面地研究；同时，通过大量的试验数据，总结出了很多有实用价值的结论。

Stamens 4, adnate to corolla tube near base, rarely to near or above middle, included; anthers basifixed, coherent in pairs at apex, thecae divergent, not confluent or confluent at apex, dehiscing longitudinally; connective not projecting; staminode 1 or absent, adnate to adaxial side of corolla tube.

雄蕊4，贴生于花冠筒近基部，很少对近的或在上部中间，包括；花药基着，连着成对在先端，囊分叉，不汇合或汇合在先端，纵向开裂；药隔不凸出；退化雄蕊1或无，贴生于花冠筒的正面的边。

This dissertation was focused on the research about the formation and evolution of NQB from the Late Triassic to the early middle Epoch of Jurassic Period, including integrated analyzing the characteristic of the key stratigraphic surfaces, the time of the key stratigraphy, regional rock straigraphy, biostratigraphy and chronostratigraphy, sedimentary system and depositional facies. On basis of these analysis, a tectonic evolution model have been established for NQB during from the Late Triassic to the early middle Epoch of Jurassic Period.1. After the systematic surface analysis about main stratigraphy units, we found that:(1) the bottom of Xiaochaka formation was comformity with the middle Triassic in the basin, and in the north margin it was deposited and overlapped on the different period stratigraphy before Triassic.(2) The top surface of Xiaochaka formation developed regionally karst and paleo-karst breccia, and was uncomformity with Nadigangri Formation, these things suggest that NQB in Xiaochaka depositing stage was developed from middle Triassic basin, and then an extensive regression occurred, the deposition was over and erosion come into being.(3) The lithologic assemblage, geochemistry, mixed fossils, and stratigraphy overlapping characteristic of Quemocuo Formation in early middle Jurassic indicted that the uncomformity surface was an extension-unconformity.2. Integrated analysis about stratigraphy division and correlation indicted that:(1) the paleontologic assemblage of Xiaochaka formation show its time was Carian -Norian stage of late Triassic. According to it was overlapped by late Triassic Nadigangri Formation, so Xiaochaka formation should be Carian - early Norian stage.(2) the SHRIMP Zircon U-Pb age of Nadigangri formation volcanic rocks wear vary form 216 to 205 Ma, so its time should be Norian, but maybe extended into Rhaetian Stage.(3) The age of its bottom volcanic rocks, the fossil assemblages of its middle and upper members and overlapped by lower Jurassic, indicted the age of Riganpeicuo Formation was Norian - Rhaetian stage. And the same time, the volcanic rocks geochemistry of Nadigangri and Riganpeicuo formation both reflected that they wear formed in rift tectonic settings. The lower lithologic and surface characteristic, fossil assemblages and its upper maybe was conformity with lower Jurassic, all reflected that the age of Tumengela Formation in Tumen area should be Norian - Rhaetian stage.

论文对晚三叠世—中侏罗世早期盆地的形成与演化开展了研究，包括关键地层界面特征分析、关键地层时代归属分析、区域岩石地层、生物地层和年代地层的综合对比分析、区域沉积体系与沉积相分析、岩相古地理分析，最终建立晚三叠世—中侏罗世早期羌塘盆沉积—构造动力演化模式。1、系统的对各地层单元的界面分析发现：(1)肖茶卡组底界在盆地内部与中三叠统整合关系，在盆地北缘为沉积超覆于不同时代的前三叠系之上：(2)肖茶卡组顶界面发育古岩溶角砾岩，与上覆那底岗日组为岩溶不整合接触，说明肖茶卡组沉积时期的羌塘盆地是在早中三叠世的盆地基础发展起来的，后期出现了广泛的海退事件，使盆地结束沉积并遭受风化剥蚀作用；(3)中侏罗统雀莫错组的岩性组合特征、岩石化学特征、古生物化石混积和地层的沉积超覆现象均表现出裂陷环境下形成的伸展不整合面的特征。2、综合地层划分与对比分析认为：(1)肖茶卡组古生物化石组合反映其时代为晚三叠世卡尼期—若利期，根据其上被上三叠统那底岗日组不整合覆盖，将其时代厘定为卡尼期—若利期早期；(2)那底岗日组火山岩SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄在216～205 Ma之间，其时代主要为若利期，可能包含有瑞替期：(3)日干配错组底部火山岩的年龄、中上部化石组合及其被下侏罗统整合覆盖，综合反映的时代为晚三叠世若利期—瑞替期，而且那底岗日组火山岩和日干配错组火山岩的地球化学成分分析反映两者均为引张构造背景下的产物；土门地区的土门各拉组的下部岩性及界面特征、化石组合和上部可能被下侏罗统整合覆盖，综合反映其时代为若利期—若利期。

It will analyze the first and the third order performance of conformal dome at first, and then go to study the application of diffractive elements in this kind of optical system, finally proposes a way to correct the variable aberrations by controlling the tilt and decenter of an symmetrical corrector. The results of simulation show that ways proposed above have improved the conformal dome's performance a lot.

为了将共形光学系统更好的应用于实际，本论文在系统的设计方法上做了多方面的研究：首先在对共形整流罩的一阶和三阶特性深入分析的基础上，研究了衍射元件在该系统中的应用潜力，然后提出了利用倾斜偏心元件进行动态像差补偿的设计方案，并用软件对上述设计方案进行了模拟验证。

As the damage effect of liquid jet to solid wall underwater, the fiber probe should not be placed too close to detonative source. There exists a safety application range which should be longer than 0.6 mm for 300 mJ pulse energy.

同时由于水下激光爆炸所产生的射流对周围固壁面的破坏作用，光纤探针在实际检测过程中不能过分靠近爆炸源，对300 mJ激光能量，该光纤探针安全范围应大于0.6 mm。

The thesis toke problem of deformation and destroying of the earth mass as it's invention, integrated the earth mass's existing environment, ingredients and macrostructure, discovered mechanism of deforming and destroying, made clear the relationships between those.Through outdoors samples, indoors examination surface wave testing and audio wave testing ,do some research on physical, mechanical, chemical, disintegrative and dynamics property of stuff of earth mass and proposed four kinds of earth mass's stuff formed type;under the guidance of theory of dominant structural surface and adopting precision measurement of structural surface, proposed three dominant kinds of structural surface assembling;based on those , proposed four types of earth mass's deformation and destroying, carried out rationed estimation of stability on four types, then definite the characters of deforming and destroying and controlled relation between environment , stuff, macrostructure and deformation and destroying of mass earth, and breakthrough ordinary principle about soil's deformation and destroying, further proofed the theory of earth mass cybernetics's popularization

本学位论文针对台地危险土体的变形破坏问题，将土体的赋存环境、土体物质组成和土体宏观结构的研究紧密地结合，阐明了土体变形破坏的机制，明晰了土体变形破坏与土体的赋存环境、土体材料组成、土体宏观结构三要素之间的关系，并从土体的物质组成的角度，以野外取样、室内实验、现场面波、声波无损伤测试为手段，研究了土体物质的物理、力学、化学、矿物、崩解性、动力学性质，提出了研究区内土体物质成分的四种组合形式；以优势结构面理论为指导，以结构面的精确测绘为手段，通过统计、归纳与分析，提出三种有利于台地危险土体变形破坏的优势组合形式；据此提出了具有广泛代表意义的台地危险土体变形破坏的四种模式，并对其进行稳定性评价，从而明确了危险土体的宏观结构对变形破坏的控制作用，映证了土体结构控制论。

And then there are the people nipping at Gen X's heels. Enviably at ease with digital technologies, members of Gen Y have little love for hierarchy.

此外，还有紧紧跟在X一代后面的Y一代。Y一代对数字技术的运用自如令人羡慕，他们对等级制度没有多好好感。

Firstly, some difficult problems required to be solved,such as the land surface parameters′ calculation and observation over inhomogeneous land surface and development similarity theory which can be applicable to the inhomogeneous land surface. Secondly, studies of the bulk transfer coefficients over humid regions of China must be strengthened. Thirdly, whether or not understanding the landatmosphere interaction process over inhomogeneous and complicated land surface in its entirety, the land surface parameters′ expandedness form local to regional scope is a critical and difficult problem.

在此基础上，探讨了该领域研究中存在的几点科学问题：①需要解决非均匀下垫面地表参数的计算和观测以及发展适用于非均匀下垫面的相似性理论等难题；②对我国湿润地区地表总体输送系数的研究需要加强；③能否对非均匀复杂下垫面陆气相互作用过程进行全面的认识，地表参数由&点&到&面&的推广是关键也是难题。

HaNPV is the earliest commercial baculovirus insecticide in China and about 100, 000 hectare cotton farmland had been used such insecticide to prevent Heliothis armigera by the end of 1999. Many aspects of HaNPV such as the isolation and identification of different virus strains, bioassay of their toxicity, infectivity and duplication in culture cells, genome sequencing and some functional genes have been researched.

国内已对HaNPV进行了多方面的研究，包括病毒株的分离鉴定、形态特征、病毒生物活性测定、离体细胞感染和复制、测序和功能基因研究，基因工程病毒杀虫剂的构建等；但对其复制侵染与宿主细胞互作的分子机理，目前仍缺乏足够且深入的了解。

And discuss some key point of integrated management system design, include hazard identification and risk assessment and risk control in the occupational health and safety management, the measure of satisfaction target of customer, the flawlessness of law system, the integration of the integrated management system and enterprise standardization system, unify lead institution and work orgnization, integreted internal audit and integrated management review.

同时，论述了一体化管理体系构建中的几个主要问题，包括职业健康安全管理中的危险源辨识、风险评价和风险控制、顾客满意度的科学监测、法律、法规体系的完善、一体化管理体系与企业标准化体系的有机结合、统一的领导机构和工作机构、一体化的内部审核和管理评审。

Deepwater Taranaki is investigated for its petroleum potential, using all available seismic data tied to shallow-water wells.

运用与浅水井相关的现有全部震波探测数据考察了深海区塔拉纳基盆地的油藏前景。