对边

Pingbianensis flowers were ants (Aphaenogaster smythiesii Forel,Formicidea), springtail (Hypogastrura sp., Hypogastruridae, Collembola) and one species of beetles (Anomala corpulenta Motsch, Rutelidae). These pollinators generally have restricted movement capacities and hence promote geitonogamy or mating between individuals in close proximity within populations. The results of out crossing index pollination experiments in our study suggest that T. pingbianensis has an animal-pollinated, mixed selfing and outcrossing breeding systems.

通过对屏边开口箭的开花物候、传粉生物学、交配系统的研究以及对近交衰退的检测，结果显示：屏边开口箭单花花期约15天左右，柱头、花粉活力持续时间较长；传粉昆虫多为蚂蚁、跳虫，偶有小甲虫拜访，缺乏长距离传粉昆虫；杂交指数以及套袋试验的结果表明屏边开口箭为高度自交亲和的混交模式植物，且在幼苗早期并没有表现出明显的近交衰退现象。

Furthermore, stress, horizontal displacement and deflection of bridge structure are analyzed.

摘要］ 针对多跨连续刚构桥悬臂长度长、悬臂梁体重、施工荷载大等特点，结合重庆朝阳寺特大桥实际情况，通过理论分析和有限元数值模拟，对中跨、次中跨、边跨不同合拢顺序下，所需顶推力和顶推位移进行计算，并对桥梁结构的应力、水平位移及挠度进行了比选分析，提出并论证了采用计算预推值时先中跨再次边跨最后边跨的合拢方案，其突出优点是边跨合拢施工以挂篮和导梁代替搭设支架施工，措施简单易行、安全可靠。

It also discusses the nonlinear about the open cast side-slopes" dynamic stability. The thesis accounts for the complexity and indeterminism about slopes" stability by chaos and catastrophe theory,it also provides the advanced and credible nonlinear theory for the stability about the open cast side-slopes.

本文还对动力作用下露天矿边坡对可能产生的非线性特性进行了讨论，以混沌和突变理论分别进行了探讨，说明边坡稳定性研究的复杂性，不可预测性，也为边坡稳定性评价提供了更为先进和可靠的非线性理论。

With application of plastic limit analysis method using finite element method, stability of high loess slope is analyzed and solved by using linear programming method in this paper. Safety factor and stress fields and velocity fields of slope can be obtained.

本论文采用有限元塑性极限分析法对黄土高边坡进行稳定分析，并运用线性规划的方法对稳定问题进行求解，可以得到边坡的稳定安全系数和边坡的应力场及速度场。

Support vector machine is used to build the nonlinear relationship. The parameters of SVM are optimized with a continuous ant colony algorithm. Thus the ACAC-SVM is proposed for forecasting slope stability. Slope of right-bank spandrel groove at Jinping is forward slope.

通过分析影响边坡稳定性的主要因素，采用支持向量机建立边坡稳定性和影响因素之间的非线性关系；同时，考虑到支持向量机参数对预测效果的影响，采用连续蚁群算法对其进行优化选择，从而提出边坡稳定性预测的蚁群优化支持向量机模型。

Although its program project approving already considered investment source is little, raise money the element such as funds difficulty, but the phasic need that builds development by force of rural base again, eager for quick success and instant benefit, disregard technical standard, violate the order of nature, item of achievement in one's post is made on problem of project project approving, apply to project technology index " administrative give the final decision ", to the project investment amount is pressed crowdedly, forcedly by force, or execute construction of edge design, edge, edge to prepare funds " 3 edges " project, lack economy of due project project technology to analyse.

其规划立项虽已考虑到投资来源少、筹措经费困难等因素，但是又迫于农村基础建设发展的形势需要，急功近利、不顾技术规范、违反自然规律，在工程立项问题上搞政绩项目，对项目技术指标施行&行政拍板&，对项目投资总额强挤、硬压，或实行边设计、边施工、边筹经费的&三边&工程，缺乏应有的工程项目技术经济分析。

Elaborated the punching components formation principle, the basic dies structure and the rate process and the principle of design; and designed some conventional punching die:the die for big diameter three direction pipe which solved the problom of traditional machining,the drawing and punching compound die with float punch-matrix,the drawing and cutting compound dies with unaltered press,the compound die for the back bowl of the noise keeper,the design of the compound die which could produce two workpieces in one punching,the bending die for the ring shape part ,the bending die which used the gemel ,automate loading die for cutting, the drawing,punching and burring compound dies with sliding automated loading,the punching die for the long pipe with two row of hole,the drawing die for the square box shape workpiece and the burring die for the box shape workpiece.

原文对于寒冲压技术的合种、特征及开展圆背做砬简单概述；阐述了冲压整机的构成本理、基础模具构造与活动进程及其设计本理；对典范的冲压件模具进佳的了设计：大曲径三通管冲压复合模设计掀世了大直径三通管的减工困难、带无沉动凸凸模的拉伸冲孔复合模设计、适力压边式落料拉伸切边复合模设计、长音器后挖碗落料、拉深、冲孔、翻边复合模设计、一模二件落料拉伸冲孔翻边复合模设计、环形弯曲件的模具设计、铰链舒方成形工艺及模具设计、半自动送料切角安装设计、涩板式送料拉深、冲孔、翻边模设计完成自动送料、长管少孔冲模设计、带凸缘台阶方盒形整件拉深模战盒形件正壁小孔翻孔模。

Elaborated the punching components formation principle, the basic dies structure and the rate process and the principle of design; and designed some conventional punching die:the die for big diameter three direction pipe which solved the problom of traditional machining,the drawing and punching compound die with float punch-matrix,the drawing and cutting compound dies with unaltered press,the compound die for the back bowl of the noise keeper,the design of the compound die which could produce two workpieces in one punching,the bending die for the ring shape part ,the bending die which used the gemel ,automate loading die for cutting, the drawing,punching and burring compound dies with sliding automated loading,the punching die for the long pipe with two row of hole,the drawing die for the square box shape workpiece and the burring die for the box shape workpiece.

论述了冲压零件的形成原理、基本模具结构与运动过程及其设计原理；对典型的冲压件模具进行了设计：大直径三通管冲压复合模设计解决了大直径三通管的加工难题、带有浮动凸凹模的拉伸冲孔复合模设计、适力压边式落料拉伸切边复合模设计、消音器后补碗落料、拉深、冲孔、翻边复合模设计、一模两件落料拉伸冲孔翻边复合模设计、环形弯曲件的模具设计、铰链卷圆成形工艺及模具设计、半自动送料切角装置设计、滑板式送料拉深、冲孔、翻边模设计实现自动送料、长管多孔冲模设计、带凸缘台阶方盒形零件拉深模和盒形件侧壁小孔翻孔模。

According to slopes'stabilities, this paper devided them into four types on the basis of flat-cut and short-supporting, high-cut and strong-supporting. To different slopes, the different excavation and reinforcement schemes are choosed by simple and unified standard.

由于试验条件的局限性和边坡破坏后后果严重，为尽量避免边坡的破坏，本文采用了UDEC程序对重点边坡的开挖前后阶段进行了模拟，预测了边坡的发展趋势，为边坡的支护设计提供了一定的理论依据。

In addition, the blank holding force that is required to avoid wrinkle and rupture during conical part deep drawing is researched. The necessity of reasonable blank holding force in pressing is expounded. From the view of mechanical analysis, the wrinkle critical condition of side-wall is derived for the first time by the stress state of side-wall, the main deformation region on blank. According to the critical condition of plastic instability for flange, side--wall, corner of punch on blank, The blank holding force in conical part deep drawing is divided into four different regions within its forming figure. The basic principle of reasonable blank holding force during stamping is summarized and provided. The mathematical model of reasonable blank holding force that avoids the wrinkle and rupture is established and verified by the finite element numerical simulation and the grid experiment method. The result shows that it is accurate and reliable.

此外，本文还研究了圆锥形件拉深成形过程中，随着拉深变形过程的进行，毛坯为避免产生起皱、破坏缺陷而对压边力的需求情况，阐明了圆锥形件拉深成形过程中压边力合理变化的必要性；由毛坯主要变形区悬空锥壁部分的受力变形情况，从力学分析的角度，首次推导得出了圆锥形零件悬空锥壁起皱失稳的临界条件；并根据主要变形区法兰、悬空锥壁及凸模圆角部分的塑性失稳临界条件，在其成形范围图中，将圆锥形件成形过程中的压边力划分为四个区域；总结并提出了圆锥形件成形过程中压边力合理变化的基本原则；建立了防止起皱、破坏缺陷产生的压边力合理变化的数学模式，并得到了有限元数值模拟及网格实验法的验证，证实了理论分析结果的正确性和可靠性。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。