对边

It was illuminated that the width of the centre bright fringe decreased along with the increasing width of the rectangular aperture when the effect of the aperture on the beam couldn't be ignored,however,the width of centre bright fringe step changed with increase of the size of the aperture when the effect could be ignorable,the width of the half maximum intensity of the centre bright fringe decreased along with the accretion of the width of the aperture and then it tends to a constant.

结果表明，当光阑对光束的衍射影响明显时，光束衍射场的中央亮条纹的宽度随着光阑边长的增大而减小；当光阑对光束的衍射影响极小时，中央亮条纹的宽度随着光阑边长的增加而阶跃变化，中央亮条纹强度的半最大值宽度随着光阑边长的增大而减小；当光阑对光束衍射影响极小时，中央亮条纹半最大值宽度趋近于一定值。

The safety factor obtained with the relationship between elastic strain energy and the reduction coefficient is similar to that obtained by other traditional slope steady analyzed method.

摘 要：为分析采用强度折减法确定边坡安全系数过程中边坡弹性应变能随折减系数变化与边坡失稳破坏的内在联系，建立数值模型，记录边坡弹性应变能与折减系数关系曲线；通过对某边坡的分析，绘制弹性应变能与折减系数关系曲线。

However, methods and references for difference equation are relatively less. The new method proposed in this paper transfer the complex boundary value problem into the existence and uniqueness of the solution of the linear equations. For linear case , we obtained the necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence and uniqueness of the solution for the BVP; For the nonlinear case ,we got a series of new sufficient conditions by using contraction mapping theory and cone theory .

而差分方程边值问题的研究方法和文献还很少，文中新的研究差分方程边值问题的方法是将复杂的边值问题求解转化为代数理论中的线性方程组解的存在和存在唯一问题；对线性情形，较容易地获得了边值问题的解存在以及唯一的充分必要条件，而对非线性情形，则通过压缩原理和锥理论等各种不动点定理，获得了一系列新的充分条件。

This study chose the dahongshan mine which has very important significance to the developing of yunnan iron and steel industry as our work station in which we build six runoff plots according to loss type and chose three place to earth up to observe the rule of the soil moving on the mullock stone and study the eroding rule of the barren side slope with eroding nail experiment.

本研究选择新建的、对云南钢铁工业发展具有重要意义的大红山铁矿进行矿山水土流失研究，按土壤侵蚀类型建立六个径流场进行观测，利用侵蚀钉对人工堆积边坡、裸露自然边坡和公路边坡侵蚀进行研究，在废石场选择三个点进行覆土实验对废石场覆土的潜移和管状侵蚀量进行观测。

Through indoor tests and field tests this paper has researched the geogrid' s characteristics of application in highway engineering, such as characteristic of intension, creep, endure, damnify in construction etc.. Based on these researches this paper has also researched the working characteristics of contact face between geogrid and soil and the method of geogrid-reinforced slope analysis. Mechanism of geogrid-reinforced slope has been analyzed. In the end , techniques of geogrid-reinforced embankment' s construction has been researched through substantiality of engineering.

文章通过室内、外试验，对土工格栅的强度特性、蠕变特性、耐久性能及抗施工损伤性能等工程应用特性进行了研究；在此基础上，结合室内试验和理论分析对土工格栅与土的界面工作特性和加筋边坡的稳定性分析方法进行了研究，对土工格栅加筋边坡机理进行了分析；最后结合实体工程，对土工格栅加筋陡边坡的施工工艺进行了系统研究。

Aiming at slope types, features, deformation traits and destroy mechanism of high steep valley slope at Jinping Ⅰ Hydropower Station, and applying monitoring results, a comprehensive prediction design is suggested. In the space, according to the occurrences of unfavorable geological phenomena such as faults F5, f(subscript 42-9) deep fracture SL(subscript 44-1) and lamprophyre vein X, all of them can be treated as the boundary conditions for slides, potential instable blocks of slope on the left abutment are estimated which take on a wedge-shaped sliding model. In the sametime, through using three kinds of joint prediction methods such as statistic models and nonlinear models, judging from the shape of curves of deformation-time and their deformation velocities, it is found that the slope is at the state of slowly creeping to uniform deforming with a deforming velocity of 0.05 mm/d.

针对锦屏一级水电站左岸高边坡的边坡类型、边坡特征、变形特点和变形机制，在监测成果的基础上，对其进行综合预报，空间上判断左岸拱肩边坡由断层F5，f(下标 42-9)、深部裂缝SL(下标 44-1)及煌斑岩脉X互相组合，形成可能边坡失稳块体的边界条件、楔型体滑移失稳模式：时间上采用统计模型及非线性模型多种方法联合预报，根据边坡变形时序曲线的形态及变形速率指出：边坡目前处在缓慢蠕动至匀速变形阶段，变形速率小于0.05mm/d。

One flush end-plate external joint under monotonical loading and the other four joints under cyclic loading were tested. Failure modes and the effects of reinforcement ratio and concrete in column flange were synthetically considered during cyclic loading. Results of the experiments show that external flush end-plate composite joint also have quite hysteretic behaviors, better strength resistance and stiffness that are worth to promotion in seismic area.Based on experimental results and plastic analysis simplified formulas on moment resistance of semi-rigid composite joints were introduced.

本文对1个半刚性端板连接组合边节点进行了单调静力加载试验并对4个半刚性端板连接组合边节点进行了循环加载试验研究，主要探讨了节点的破坏模式以及混凝土板内纵向钢筋配筋率和柱翼缘内填充混凝土对节点性能的影响，试验结果表明端板连接组合边节点依然具有良好的滞回性能，较好的延性和耗能能力，是一种值得推广的半刚性梁-柱节点形式。

After analysizing the results of SSRFEM and centrifugal model test, someconclusions are drawn that, the depth of slip surface implies that the Bishopssimplied method cannot indicate the true failure mechanism for the slopes reinforcedwith piles. The rate of safety factors decreases with the pile spacing decreasing, andthe salty factor of the slopes is the largest when the reinforced piles are installed in themiddle of the slopes, regardless of pile head confining conditions, and the deflection,maximum bending moment and shear force in the reinforced piles in the criticalcollapse are the biggest meantime. The fixed and hinged head condition of the pilesresults in smaller bending moment in the piles than that in unrotated and free headcondition, therefore the restrained pile head condition is recommended in the design.

3不同特性与工况下抗滑桩与土体相互作用的数值分析与离心模型试验研究表明：采用简化Bishop法计算得到的滑动面不能反映抗滑桩加固边坡的破坏机理，抗滑桩设置在边坡中部和减小桩间距有利于提高边坡稳定安全系数，而此时抗滑桩在边坡临界破坏时的挠度、最大弯矩和最大剪力相对较大；桩头固定、铰接与桩头自由、平移相比，所加固边坡的整体水平位移及边坡临界破坏时抗滑桩的最大弯矩相对较小，而稳定安全系数则较大，因此在进行抗滑桩设计时应尽量选择桩头固定与铰接的型式，或对桩头进行锚固以改善抗滑桩的受力特性，提高边坡的稳定安全性状。

As to the excavation of the slope, if there are not the cases such as particular direction conformation weak side, rock crack generate randomly or slope of open-pit mine of soft rock effloresced notably, and the slope being stable, but adjacent industry and civilian construction suffering obviously form the impairing of excavation even destroyed, It is of the same importance for engineering to study the movement and deformation law influenced by the pit excavation with stochastic medium theory.

对于边坡工程开挖而言，若不存在控制边坡滑动的定向构造弱面、岩石随机裂隙发育或风化显著的某些软岩露天矿山边坡，以及边坡稳定，但邻近的工业建筑与民用建筑受到显著开采损害，甚至破坏的情况，用随机介质理论研究边坡体在开挖影响下的移动与变形规律对工程与生产同样具有重要意义。

Elaborated the punching components formation principle the basic dies structure and the rate process and the principle of design; and designed some conventional punching die:the die for big diameter three direction pipe which solved the problom of traditional machiningthe drawing and punching compound die with float punch-matrixthe drawing and cutting compound dies with unaltered pressthe compound die for the back bowl of the noise keeperthe design of the compound die which could produce two workpieces in one punchingthe bending die for the ring shape part the bending die which used the gemel automate loading die for cutting the drawingpunching and burring compound dies with sliding automated loadingthe punching die for the long pipe with two row of holethe drawing die for the square box shape workpiece and the burring die for the box shape workpiece.

本文对冷冲压技术的分类、特点及发展方向作了简略概述；论述了冲压零件的形成原理、基本模具结构与运动过程及其设计原理；对典型的冲压件模具进行了设计：大直径三通管冲压复合模设计解决了大直径三通管的加工难题、带有浮动凸凹模的拉伸冲孔复合模设计、适力压边式落料拉伸切边复合模设计、消音器后补碗落料、拉深、冲孔、翻边复合模设计、一模两件落料拉伸冲孔翻边复合模设计、环形弯曲件的模具设计、铰链卷圆成形工艺及模具设计、半自动送料切角装置设计、滑板式送料拉深、冲孔、翻边模设计实现自动送料、长管多孔冲模设计、带凸缘台阶方盒形零件拉深模和盒形件侧壁小孔翻孔模。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。