对花梗的

Plants always growing on trees or rock surfaces, often by means of adventitious roots; inflorescences flowering over long period and eventually developing a cylindric rachis covered with close-set pedicel scars; leaves mostly fleshy, rarely leathery to me

植株总是通过不定根在乔木或岩石表面，通常上生长；在长期期间和最终的花序花发育的一圆筒状的轴为长得紧靠在一起的花梗痕所覆盖；叶多数肉质，对我来说很少革质 12

Inflorescences terminal and also axillary, contracted, composed of a central axis bearing fascicles of racemes; racemes with several to many spikelet pairs, narrow, 1-sided, fragile; rachis internodes and pedicels slenderly linear, white ciliate on edges.

花序顶生以及腋生，收缩，由承担总状花序的束簇的主轴线组成；总状花序具数枚到多数小穗对，狭窄，1边，脆；在边缘上的轴节间和花梗slenderly 线，白色的纤毛虫。

Fruit indehiscent, samaroid silicles, transversely oblong or ovoid, 1-seeded, thin walled, with woody and coarsely reticulate venation, angustiseptate, sessile, transversely 2-winged, 2-16-spined; wings prominent, longer or shorter than main part of fruit, with 3-20 subparallel veins extending full length; spines often unequal in length, at least some subparallel to pedicel, those on the seed-bearing fruit half longer; replum and valves margin united into a longitudinal vein; septum complete; style absent, obsolete, or conical and to 5 mm; stigma capitate, entire, long papillate.

果不裂，突出的翅，长或短于主要果，具3-20近平行脉深裂延长全长；刺通常不等长，在花梗，那些在种子取得成果半长上近平行的一些的至少；假隔膜和阀门边结合成为一纵向脉；隔膜完全；花柱无，废退，或者圆锥状和对5毫米；柱头头状，全缘，长具乳突。

Fruit dehiscent siliques or silicles, linear, oblong, ovate, or lanceolate, latiseptate, sessile, readily detached from pedicel; valves papery, reticulate veined, with a prominent midvein and marginal veins, glabrous or pubescent, smooth, margin angled, apex persistently united with replum; replum rounded, concealed by connate valve margin; septum complete or rarely perforated, membranous, translucent; style absent, obsolete, rarely to 1 mm; stigma capitate, entire or slightly 2-lobed, lobes not decurrent.

果开裂长角果或短角果，线形，长圆形，卵形，或披针形，，无梗，容易从花梗那里分开；纸质的裂爿，网状脉，具突出中脉和边缘脉，无毛或被短柔毛，平滑，边缘有棱，先端持续与连接起来；假隔膜绕行，被合生的阀门边隐藏；隔膜完全的或很少具孔，膜，半透明；花柱无，淘汰，很少对1毫米；柱头头状，全缘或者稍2裂，裂片不。

Peduncle 12-13 cm; leaf blade base cuneate, margin subentire to repand; bracts ovate to narrowly ovate, 6.5-7 X 2.5-3 mm; pedicel 0.3-1.8 cm; calyx segments appressed puberulent inside; stigma emarginate

花序梗12-13厘米；叶片基部楔形，对残波状的边缘近全缘；苞片卵形到狭卵形，6.5-7 X 2.5-3毫米；花梗0.3-1.8厘米；贴伏被微柔毛的花萼裂片在里面；柱头微缺 80 Chirita atroglandulosa 黑腺唇柱苣苔

Koyama (1960) divided Smilax into six sections according to inflorescence and prophylla etc., and defined the sect. Macranthae as with raceme of one to many umbels, defined sect. Smilax as with umbels sessile on elongate. If it is only one umbel, the peduncle has a node or prophylla at the base. After researching on most literatures on Smilacaceae in different floras, observing most of Smilax specimens in the world .

Koyama(1960)对东南亚产的菝葜属做了详细的分类学研究，根据花序类型、先出叶等特点将菝葜属划分为6个组，并将具有一至多个伞形花序排列成圆锥花序的一系列种定义为圆锥菝葜组或花序无梗定义为穗菝葜组，认为若是单个伞形花序腋生，则在总花梗下部必定具一关节或具一枚先出叶。

Inflorescence open, racemose to paniculate, branching subtended by very small bracts or hairs, often with pulvini; spikelets exserted on long, delicate pedicels.

开阔的，对圆锥状，分枝总状的花序以很小苞片或毛，通常具pulvini被包着；在长，精美的花梗上外露的小穗。

Young branchlets, peduncles, and pedicels with dense and very short brown stiff hairs; leaf blade widely elliptic to orbicular; secondary veins in 3 or 4 pairs.

幼枝，花序梗和花梗具紧密的和非常短棕色硬的毛；叶片宽椭圆形到圆形；用3或4 对的次脉。 20 C。 kusanoi 圆叶南蛇藤

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。