对等

Aristocracy and gentry showed so monomaniacal concerns with the parity of statue and wealth when selecting marriage partners that resulted in endogamous marriage, i. e. marrying within their own ranks. At the same time, the family formations and marital relationships in different social ranks indicated the feature above, too.

在择偶行为和择偶标准中，中上层社会的人们强调社会地位和财富的对等，乡绅婚姻的同源性则说明各社会等级基本上是实行内部通婚的，家庭的结构特征及家庭内部的两性角色之不同也体现着等级的差异。

It has been reported that NDP kinase has weak interaction with Hsp70, which can increase the ATP hydrolysis activity, so we carefully examined the possibility of NDP kinase contamination in the experiment. The equimolar mixture of NDP kinase and Hsp70 were digested and then 44-kD fragment was purified.

为获得准确的结论排除NDP激酶可能对实验的影响，按照纯化Hsp70 44-kD片段的方法对等物质量NDP激酶和Hsp70混合物进行酶切、纯化，检测得到的44-kD片段的ATP-ADP转换活性，确定Hsp70 ATP-ADP转换活性是Hsp70自身固有的，位于其N端44-kD片段处。

Pragmatic presupposition determines the choice of information focus and its position in a sentence,organizes the discourse into a coherent whole,concise,clear and smooth,and achieves the expected stylistic effects.in college english teaching,if teachers teach the knowledge about pragmatic presupposition in listening teaching,introduce the frequently-seen patterns of presupposition, increase the presuppositional sensitivity of students to certain words and structures,guide students to use the theory on presuppositional information to make forecasts on base of written listening material,listen purposefully,and get rid of the distraction of the minor and redundant information,the ability of students to obtain major information and linguistic inference will be strengthened and their listening competence will improve remarkably.george yule divided presuppositional triggers into factive presupposition,non-factive presupposition,counter-factive presupposition,existential presupposition,lexical presupposition and structural presupposition.presuppositional triggers are helpful for us to understand the true intention of the speaker or writer.in college english reading teaching,if teachers introduce the discourse organizing function of pragmatic presupposition and the relevant presupposition triggers,and teach students to use these triggers to communicate with the writer,the comprehension competence of students will be greatly enhanced.the essential function of presupposition is to build a framework for the further development of discourse.in college english writing teaching,teachers can use the theory on pragmatic presupposition to construct a handy training program for textual organization,increase the textual coherence, economy and structural perfection of the english writings by students.in college english translation teaching,teachers should focus on developing the pragmatic presuppositional thinking of students,enable them to grasp the presupposed information in source text / speech exactly,understand the original thoroughly,correctly reorganize and reproduce the pragmatic presuppositions in the target language,carry out the functional equivalence in translation and successfully realize the smooth and accurate communication.with the instruction of pragmatic presupposition in college english teaching,the complete understanding and integral acquisition of english and chinese of students will come true.in conclusion,to implement the curriculum requirements for college english teaching promulgated by the ministry of education of china,we should emphasize the instruction of the theory on pragmatic presupposition in college english teaching,carry it through from beginning to end.it's one of the important means to realize the college english teaching reform, improve the effects of college english teaching,strengthenr the practical and integrative language abilities of students,in order to cultivate the compound talents to adapt to the global integration and meet the requirements of the reform and opening in china.

在大学英语教学中，教师将语用预设知识贯穿于听力教学过程中，讲授一些常出现的预设类型，提高学生对一些特定的词语和结构的预设敏感度，引导学生运用预设信息理论对听力文字材料进行预测，有的放矢，排除次要、冗余信息的干扰，增强获取主要信息的能力和语言推理能力，从而提。。。更多高学生的听力理解水平。george yule将预设触发语分为事实预设、非事实预设、反事实预设、存在预设、词汇预设和结构预设，触发语有助于我们在阅读当中理解作者的真正用意。在大学英语阅读教学中，介绍语用预设的语篇组织功能和有关的预设触发语，并利用触发语来与作者进行交流，会极大地提高阅读理解能力。预设的基本功能就是为语篇的进一步发展建立一个框架。利用语用预设理论可以为大学英语写作教学构建一个易于操作的篇章组织训练方法，提高学生英语写作的语篇连贯性，经济性和结构优化。在大学英语翻译教学中，注重培养学生的语用预设思维，准确把握源语的前提信息，透彻理解原文，使语用预设在目的语中正确重组和再现，实现翻译的功能对等，交际的流畅性和准确性，并增强学生对英汉双语的全面性认识和整体性习得。综上所述，为更好地贯彻和实施教育部颁布的《大学英语课程教学要求》，在大学英语教学中重视语用预设理论的传授，使语用预设贯穿于大学英语教学的始终，是实现大学英语教学改革的重要手段，改善大学英语教学效果，增强学生的实用综合语言能力，培养符合全球一体化趋势，适应改革开放要求的复合型人才。

Then we discuss the equivariant fibration and several results about the ordinary fibration are generalized to the equivariant category.

此后，我们对等变纤维化进行了研究并将拓扑空间范畴中纤维化的一些结果推广到了等变拓扑空间范畴。

The soil character had greater impacts on the non-dominant commnunity, individual density and Enemata than the main community of microorganisms; Actinomyces had greater impacts on Coleoptera and Oligochaeta opisthopora; Fungi had greater impacts on Isopoda and Formicidae.

土壤性质对弱势类群、土壤动物种群密度和土壤线虫影响比土壤微生物的影响大；放线菌对鞘翅目和后孔寡毛目影响较大；真菌对等足目和膜翅目蚁科影响较大。

The effect of the gasifier structure on gasification process and result was considered in this model.

利用建立的模型，对等径结构、颈缩结构和渐扩结构3种形式的分级气化炉进行了计算，得到温度、气体组成及其体积分数、碳转化率等参数沿气化炉炉膛的分布情况，并和连续气化的结果进行了对比。

Functional equivalence, hardly gettable for a translator, is positively significant as a translation norm.

尽管对译者而言很难实现理想的功能对等，但作为翻译标准，仍有其积极意义。

Effect of metal salts of substituted aromatic heterocyclic phosphate on the properties and morphology of isotactic polypropylene were studied.

研究了不同的取代芳基杂环磷酸金属盐类成核剂对等规聚丙烯性能及其微观形态的影响。

The work the dissertation deals with is important to direct design and application of the plasma ignitor.

所作的工作对等离子点火器的设计和应用研究具有重要参考价值。

Ijma', meaning consensus, was based on the principle that when no clear guidance was given by the Qur'an or the Sunnah on a principle of law the consensus of the community would be sought.

智玛' ，意思是共识，是基于对等原则时，并没有明确的指导，是由古兰经或人为伊拉克对法律原则的共识，共同体将报批。

I am accused of being overreligious," she said in her quiet, frank manner,"but that does not prevent me thinking the children very cruel who obstinately commit such suicide.""

客人们在卡罗利娜·埃凯家里，举止就文雅一些，因为卡罗利娜的母亲治家很严厉。

Designed by French fashion house Herm è s, this elegant uniform was manufactured in our home, Hong Kong, and was the first without a hat.

由著名品牌 Herm è s 设计，这件高贵的制服是香港本土制造，是我们第一套不配帽子的制服。