对立

The author tries to explain the results with cultural perspectives. In Chinese culture, dual- categorization (like yin/yang, good/evil) is often used in any situations. The most popular character sketch is Chun-tzu (i.e., real gentleman) and Hsiao-jen (i.e., mean person) presented in the Confucian Analects.

作者从文化观点分析，提出对立的内隐结构观点，认为华人可能习惯以对立方式思考，因而对领导者形成共享的内化分类基础，而在描述领导者的行为时，不自觉地反映了对立的思考结构。

The contradiction of life and love is the concentrated representation of Isolde's love against secular contradiction.

生与爱的矛盾是伊索尔德之爱与世俗矛盾的集中体现，它贯穿于特里斯坦与伊索尔德爱情故事的始终，表现在生与死的对立中，表现在昼与夜的对立中，表现在现世之爱与天国之爱的对立中。

It deals with feeling versus experience, subjectivity versus objectivity, disinterested pleasure, aesthetic universality, free and adherent beauty, the sensus communis, genius, aesthetic ideas, beauty as the symbol of morality, beauty of nature versus beauty of art, the sublime, and the supersensible.

这部份他处理感觉与经验的对立、主体性与客体性的对立、不与利害相关的愉悦感、美感的普世性、自由美以及依附美、共通感、天才、美感理念、美作为道德的象徵、自然美与艺术美的对立、崇高感以及超感官。

The core of the debate between Latour and Bloor on the Strong Program was the confrontation of Bloor\'s symmetry principle of Strong Program and Latour\'s second symmetry principle. The essential disagreement between their theories was whether to insist the subject-object schema, or to discard it. Each of them adopted his own criterion of metaphysics and the different criteria resulted in two different kinds of relativisms. Both sides fell into the same philosophical dilemma. The debate between the post-SSK represented by Latour and the SSK represented by Collins and Yearley intensively revealed their disagreement in interior social construction, manifested by the opposition between social realism and ontology of nature-society mixture, between the normative method and descriptive method, between signified view of science and practical view of science, respectively.It is necessary to trace and clarify the core concepts of Latour\'s "Actor-Network Theory" such as "actor","network","agent", etc.

关于拉图尔和布鲁尔之间关于强纲领的论战，其核心是布鲁尔强纲领的对称性原则与拉图尔的普遍对称性原则之间的争论，二人理论的本质不同在于坚持还是消解主体-客体模式，由于所持不同的形而上学标准导致了两种不同的相对主义，而争论双方陷入了相同的哲学困境；关于以拉图尔为代表的后科学知识社会学与柯林斯和耶尔莱为代表的科学知识社会学之争，集中体现了社会建构内部间在本体论、认识论、科学观上的分歧，分别表现为：社会实在论与自然—社会混合本体论的对立、规范主义进路与描述主义进路的对立、表征科学观与实践科学观之间的对立。

Thenceforward the real antagonism was to be between Dionysian spirit and the Socratic, and tragedy was to perish in the conflict.

这是一种新的对立。酒神倾向与苏格拉底倾向的对立，希腊悲剧艺术作品就在这一对立上碰得粉碎了。

When dialectic is exposed, when it brings a bright for philosophy, every school of thought is stimulated and be ready for the conflict of mutual contending, utilizing and twisting dialectic, which make dialectic can not freely go forward, but make it become a thing with specific school of thought, position or opinion, on the contrary, it makes every school of thought be opposite among legalization, systemization and absolutization. It makes dialectic become the basis of opposition of school and opinion, and also makes theoretical problem transforming into class position problem.

当辩证法被揭示，当辩证法给哲学带来一线曙光，各个学派也为之振奋，可又马上进入了互相争夺、利用、曲解辩证法的斗争，使辩证法不能地向前发展，而变为具体学派立场、学派观念的东西，反而使各个学派对立合法化、系统化、绝对化，使辩证法成为学派对立、观念对立的基石，并更使理论学术问题转变为阶级立场问题。

The contribution of this dissertation is to identify and explain 8 different contrast factors in the motion events: 1. The factive or the fictive motion in events; 2. The motion caused by the internal or external forces; 3. The process windowing or objective windowing; 4. The live reporting or non-live reporting; 5. The Directive role or the Objective role in motion event; 6. The high or low volition of the Subject of motion; 7. The event or state; 8. The Container schema or Path schema.

本文的贡献在于揭示了位移事件中的八种对立现象：（1）现实位移和虚拟位移的对立；（2）内动力位移和外动力位移的对立；（3）过程取景和目标取景的对立；（4）现场报道与事后报道的对立；（5）位移方向与位移目标的对立；（6）高意志性和低意志性的对立；（7）事件与状态的对立；（8）容器图式和路径图式的对立。

Therefore, cognition sidedness should be avoided. Do not narrow the content of intangible cultural heritage; do not set popular culture against literary culture; do not set traditional culture protection against cultural innovation and social modernization; do not set protection against utilization.

因此要避免认识的片面性，不要把非物质文化遗产的内容狭隘化，不要把民间文化与文人文化对立起来，不要把保护传统文化与文化创新、社会生活现代化对立起来，不要把保护与利用对立起来。

Subsequently, the contrary-based concept design model integrating with Triz theory is presented, which generates new concepts by reformulating the representation of the existing product concepts through parametric variations, substitutions and other formal operations.

然后根据旋转动力学理论提出了尺度弯曲的产品模型和该模型的启发式建模方法，提出了与Triz理论结合的对立创新模型，其以对立矛盾为出发点，寻找对立转换条件来消除矛盾，进而实现创新。

It deals with feeling versus experience, subjectivity versus objectivity, disinterested pleasure, aesthetic universality, free and adherent beauty, the sensus communis, genius, aesthetic ideas, beauty as the symbol of morality, beauty of nature versus beauty of art, the sublime, and the supersensible.

这部份他处理感觉与经验的对立、主体性与客体性的对立、不与利害相关的愉悦感、美感的普世性、自由美以及依赖美、共通感、天才、美感理念、美作为道德的象徵、自然美与艺术美的对立、崇高感以及超感官。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷