对称

Of arbitrary isogon of arbitrary linear symmetry transformation , breaking the former only for a fixed linear symmetry transformation , eliminating the symmetry of the fixed line every time when the importation of trouble

详细说明：这是关于任意正多边形关于任意直线的对称变换，打破了以前的只能对于一个固定的直线的对称变换，省去了关于固定直线对称时每次都要输入的麻烦

In this paper,we give the error expressions of piecewise linear Lagrange polynomial interpolation and piecewise cubic polynomial interpolation using the Taylor expansions.

中文摘要：本文利用Taylor展开得到三角形上线性Lagrange插值和三次Lagrange插值的导数余项公式，对这些余项公式进行分析，给出了两类能以四阶精度逼近被插函数在对称点的导数值的格式，一种是在均匀剖分时其分片线性插值的相邻单元的导数值的后处理格式，一种是在六片强正规剖分时的三次插值在对称点上的导数值的后处理格式，使得在已知原函数在各节点的值后，通过一个简单的线性计算就可得到原函数在对称点的导数的一个超逼近值，将以往提出的平均导数的二阶精度提高到四阶。

This algorithm involves multi-frame motion compensationk,rate-distortion optimizing strategy with Lagrangian cost function and context-based adaptive arithmetic coding.

根据系统的终点和初始状态，提出了泛横向对称编码和泛纵向对称编码理论，为进一步拓展对称编码理论的应用空间提供了理论基础。

Since Leptokurtosis, skewness and fat-tail are always used to depict market risk, this paper introduces the improved Laplace distribution to risk management of stock portfolio. Empirical results show, improved Laplace distribution and asymmetric Laplace distribution are similar for estimating Leptokurtosis, while improved Laplace distribution is better for estimating skewness.In order to analyze the correlation between return distribution and volatility, the thesis uses ARCH-M Models to simulate the return series of China's Stock Market and developed markets ao as to discover the relation between investment return and time-varying risk.

对尖峰、厚尾、偏态的刻画有助于正确估计市场风险，本文将改进型Laplace分布引入到股票组合的风险管理中，实证结果发现，改进型Laplace分布和非对称Laplace分布对尖峰、厚尾的刻画效果接近；而非对称Laplace分布对负偏性考察不足，改进型Laplace分布的拟合结果能够准确地反映股指收益的负偏态，这也正是改进型Laplace分布相对于传统的非对称Laplace分布的优势所在。

This thesis mainly discuss following issues, Theory and simple expressions for array covariance matrixes are derived when angular spread functions are symmetric distribution functions, i. e. the Uniform distribution, the Gauss distribution, the Laplace distribution and the Von Mises distribution, and a non-symmetric distribution function, i. e. the Gamma distribution. And the relation between the effective signal subspace and the array number, or and the nominal angle of the distributed source, the angular spread, the distributed functions, and the Signal-to-Noise Ratio is gained. The dimension of the effective signal subspace increases with increment of the array number. And it is more obvious to the non-symmetric distribution. The dimension of the effective signal subspace decreases with increment of the nominal angle. And the distributed source is equal to a point source as θ=π/2. The dimension of the effective signal subspace increases with increment of the angular spread.

本论文针对阵列信号处理中广泛存在的分布源现象，主要讨论了以下问题：推导了角度分布函数分别为对称的均匀分布、高斯分布、拉普拉斯分布、Von Mises分布和非对称的伽马分布时，分布源阵列接收信号协方差阵的严格模型和简化模型，得到了单个分布源的有效信号子空间随阵元数、分布源中心角、分布角、角度分布函数和信噪比的变化规律：随着阵元数的增加，对所有角度分布函数的有效信号子空间维数也随着增加，且非对称分布函数的有效信号子空间充满整个空间的可能性更大；随着分布源中心角逐步增加，有效信号子空间维数逐步减小，当θ=π/2时，等价于点源情形；随着分布源分布角逐渐加大，有效信号子空间维数也随之增加，直到有效信号子空间充满整个空间；随着信噪比的增加，有效信号子空间维数有一定程度的减少。

The main achievements of this dissertation are as follows: Let W be a nonsingular matrix. 1. Problem I and Problem II are considered under the matrix set S is as the following: 1 the set of real W-symmetrizable matrices; 2 the set of real W-symmetrizable nonnegative definite matrices; 3 the set of real W-symmetrizable matrices on the linear manifold.

对于问题I和问题II，本文就S是W可对称化矩阵集合、W可对称非负定化矩阵集合以及线性流形上W可对称化矩阵集合等三种情况进行了研究，分别给出了这三种情况下问题I的解存在的充分必要条件，以及解集合的通式表达式，给出了这三种情况下的最佳逼近解，并提供了相应的数值算法和数值实例。

Necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence and the expressions of selfconjugate solution, perselfconjugate solution, centrosymmetric solution, bisymmetric solution, skewselfconjugate solution, skewperselfconjugate solution, skewcentrosymmetric solution, and skewbisymmetric solution to 4 kinds of systems of linear matrix equations over a regular ring with an involutorial antiautomorphism are given.

利用矩阵技巧和所建立的矩阵理论，给出了正则环上五类矩阵方程组有解的若干充要条件和一般解的表达公式。这些矩阵方程组除了它们在理论上有重要的意义外，还有重要的应用价值。在具有对合反自同构的正则环上，给出了四类矩阵方程组有双对称解，中心对称解，斜中心对称解，广自共轭解，斜广自共轭解，自共轭解以及斜自共轭解的充要条件及其这些解的具体表达式。

Bi-2; 2′-naphthol ; enantiomer resolution ; asymmetric synthesis ; asymmetric oxidation reaction ; asymmetric reduction reaction

1； 1′-联二萘酚；对映体拆分；不对称合成；不对称氧化反应；不对称还原反应

The medium term and the long term cycles of datum plane are made of symmetry structures by the two half cycles of rising and falling, and the short term cycle of datum plane are divided into two basic types of symmetry and non symmetry.

中、长期基准面旋回由上升、下降2个半旋回构成对称型结构，短期基准面旋回分为对称型和非对称型结构。

Secondly, three kinds of mathematics model of optical vortex beams were introduced here. Then the propagation dynamics of optical vortex beams through the non-axis symmetry system is studied, this chapter includes the introduction of the symmetry vortex beam and the non- symmetry vortex beam, the deduction of the Collins diffract integral formula for the non-axis symmetry system, and the transformation of the vortex beam passing through the non-axis symmetry system has been described by using the numerical simulation. Then the general calculation for the orbit momentum of vortex beams, the matrix form for the orbit momentum of vortex beams, and the photon method to describe the orbit momentum of vortex beams are also introduced here. Finally, the interference about optical vortex beams was studied.

本文对涡旋光束进行了较为全面的介绍和研究，主要内容包括：（1）光学涡旋光束的基本理论，主要是介绍了单个光学涡旋光束在柱坐标中的一些表征，涡旋光束的奇异相位和光学涡旋的相位结构；（2）光学涡旋光束的三种数学模型；（3）光学涡旋光束在非轴对称光学系统中的传播动力学，其中介绍了对称涡旋光束与非对称涡旋光束，推导了非轴对称光学系统的 Collins 衍射积分公式，并利用计算机模拟图描述了对称涡旋光束经过非轴对称光学系统后涡旋形态的改变；（4）涡旋光束轨道角动量的一般计算，涡旋光束轨道角动量的矩阵形式，光子法描述涡旋的轨道角动量；（5）涡旋光束的干涉。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。