对生萼片的

Flowers small to medium-sized, bracteate and often bracteolate, bisexual or unisexual, actinomorphic or rarely zygomorphic, hypogynous to epigynous, floral cup shallow to urn-shaped, sometimes absent; sepals 4 or 5(–10), sometimes absent, imbricate, usually persistent; petals absent or 4 or 5, yellow, white, greenish or red, often ribbonlike and circinate in bud, caducous; stamens 4, 5, or many, free, rarely arranged in 2 whorls with the inner whorl staminodal, development of polyandrous androecia centripetal or centrifugal; anthers basifixed, thecae mostly bisporangiate, each opening by two valves or a simple longitudinal slit, or monosporangiate and opening by a single valve (Exbucklandia, Hamamelis and the genera of the S hemisphere), connective protruding; disk scales sometimes present between stamens and carpels.

花小对中型，具苞片和通常，萼片4或5(-10)，有时无，覆瓦状，通常宿存；花瓣无或者4-5，黄色，白色，带绿色或者红，通常在芽期带状的并且拳卷，早落；雄蕊4，5，或者很多，离生，很少2轮生并且退化雄蕊内部轮生，多雄蕊的雄蕊群向心或离花药基着大多为的囊bisporangiate，以二裂爿或一单纵裂缝每开阔的，花盘鳞片有时片在雄蕊和心皮之间存在。

Sepals (2-)4 or 5(or 6), imbricate or decussate or rarely wholly united in bud, inner ones sometimes petaloid.

萼片(2-)4-5(-6)，在芽期覆瓦状排列或交互对生或很少完全合生，内部的萼片有时花瓣状。

Flowers unisexual. Male inflorescence precocious, elongate, pendulous, with numerous overlapping bracts; each bract usually subtending a small dichasium with 1-3 male flowers; stamens as many as and opposite sepals or, if sepals obsolete, then stamens of inflorescence to 20; filaments very short, connate or nearly so; anthers 2-loculed, thecae connate or separate, opening by longitudinal slits.

雄花序先有花，拉长，下垂，具多数重叠苞片；通常的每苞片对着一小的二歧聚伞花序具1-3雄花；同数的雄蕊和与萼片对生或，如果萼片废退，然后对20的花序的雄蕊；花丝非常短，合生或近合生； 2室的花药，合生的或分开的囊，以纵裂缝开阔的。

Bracteoles 2, alternate to subopposite, close to sepals, persistent or caducous.

小苞片2，接近于萼片，宿存或早落的互生到近对生。

Stamens 1 or 2 × as many as sepals; filaments short, slender; anthers basifixed, mostly oblong or linear, 4-loculed, dehiscing by slits, antisepalous anthers sometimes somewhat longer than antipetalous ones; pollen grains shedding at 3-celled stage. Ovary inferior, 1(or 2)- or 4-celled, septa solid or practically absent (present only at base and apex of ovary); styles as many as sepals, alternisepalous, free, mostly short, grading into globose or subulate stigmas, spreading in fruit; stigmatic papillae hairlike; ovules as many as styles, rarely 1, apical, pendulous, anatropous.

雄蕊1或2 *同数萼片；花丝短，纤细；花药基着，通常长圆形或者线形，4室，纵向开裂，对萼花药稍比对瓣花药长；花粉粒在3室的阶段散落子房下位，1(或者2)或4室，隔膜实心或几乎无(只在基部和子房先端存在)；花柱和萼片同数，与萼片互生，离生，柱头乳突毛发状；胚珠与花柱同数，很少1，顶生，倒生。

Mm. Male flowers: pedicels filamentous, 3-5 mm; calyx red or purple; sepals 6, biseriate, subequal, obovate, 2-3 × ca. 1.5 mm; disk segments 6, opposite sepals; stamens 3; filaments connate into a short cylinder.

雄花：花梗丝状，3-5毫米；花萼红色的或紫色；萼片6，2列，近等长，倒卵形，2-3*约1.5毫米；花盘裂片6，与萼片对生；雄蕊3；进一个短汽缸合生的花丝。

Fertile stamens 3, on 1 side, 2 inserted opposite sepals, 1 opposite petal; filaments glabrous; staminodes 3; antherodes 4-lobed, butterflylike.

能育雄蕊3，在1 边，2着生与萼片对生，1与花瓣对生上；花丝无毛退化雄蕊3； 4裂的退化花药，蝴蝶状。

Stems simple or multibranched; leaf blade lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate to ovate, 5-10 mm wide; racemes opposite to leaves or axillary; bracts ovate-lanceolate, caducous; inner sepals obovate-oblong.

茎单生或多分枝；叶片披针形的或椭圆形披针形到卵形，5-10毫米宽；总状花序与叶对生或腋生；苞片卵状披针形，早落；内部萼片倒卵状长圆形。

Male flowers: sepals mostly 5, imbricate to valvate, free; petals 5, smaller or nearly equal to sepals; disk glandular, usually 5, and opposite sepals; stamens 10-20; filaments free, inflexed in bud; anthers muticous; pistillode absent.

雄花： 多数的萼片5，覆瓦状到镊合状，离生；花瓣5，小或近等长于萼片；花盘具腺，通常5，与萼片对生；雄蕊10-20；花丝离生，在芽中内折；花药钝；无退化雌蕊。

Stems caespitose, branched or not; leaf blade linear-lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, 3-5 mm wide [in Nepal, leaves to 8 mm wide]; racemes terminal or axillary; bracts linear, persistent at flowering; inner sepals ovate-oblong to elliptic-oblong.

茎丛生，分枝与否；叶片线形披针形或椭圆形披针形，3-5毫米宽 [在尼泊尔，对8毫米宽的叶 ]；总状花序顶生或腋生；苞片线形，在花宿存；内部萼片卵状长圆形的到椭圆形长圆形。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。