对流引起的

The interaction between cumulus convection and large-scale environment has been a more important topic of research in recent years.

积云对流与大尺度环境相互作用是近年来日益引起关注的研究课题。

In addition, the interaction between the cumulus and the environment is described by one-dimensional bulk model.

积云对流与大尺度环境相互作用是近年来日益引起关注的研究课题。

The interaction between cumulus convection and large-scale environment has been a more important to...

积云对流与大尺度环境相互作用是近年来日益引起关注的研究课题。

2Nd, thorough analysis: The Earth may say is an extremely marvelous thermonuclear reactor, when the earth interior pressure achieved certain critical, in the Earth material may decay the nuclear matter is called as the thermonuclear material, can have the thermonuclear reaction, thus has the huge energy, then the melted partial materials, form the rock magma are the liquid state materials, this response stratification plane is possibly many stratification planes, first possibly is located between the earth's crust and the mantle, upward next two transfers, displays for the light density material diastrophism as well as density upper mantle material phenomena and so on solidification; Under second possibly is located between the mantle and the core, the pressure is more formidable, causes not not easily to have the thermonuclear reaction thermonuclear material to have the response, forms the relative quite stable liquefied material level, simultaneously is upward next two transfers, forms the counter-flow phenomenon which the high density under mantle as well as the high density core material contact liquefies and is far away cools; These material periodicity regular movements and so on convection as well as Earth polar axis rotation are possibly the basic source powers which the terrestrial magnetic field produces.

深入剖析：地球可以说是一个非常奇妙的热核反应堆，当地球内部的压力达到一定的临界，地球物质中可衰变的核物质统称为热核物质，就会发生热核反应，从而产生巨大的能量，进而融化部分物质，形成岩浆即液态物质，这个反应层面可能是多个层面，第一层可能位于地壳与地幔之间，向上下两边对流，表现为轻密度物质的地壳运动以及中密度上地幔物质的固化等现象；第二层可能位于下地幔与地核之间，压力更为强大，引起不易发生热核反应的热核物质发生反应，形成相对比较稳定的液化物质层，同时向上下两边对流，形成中高密度的下地幔以及高密度地核物质的接触液化和远离冷却的对流现象；这些对流以及地球极轴自转等物质周期性规律性运动可能是地球磁场产生的根本源动力。

In the analysis, firstly, the flux boundary condition is used to simulate the frictional heat resource between wheel and rail. The non-steady heat transfer between the contacting surfaces of the wheel/rail, heat-convection and radiation between the wheel/rail and the ambient were all taken into consideration. Therefore, a heat coupling model of the wheel/rail in rolling/sliding is put forward to calculate the frictional temperature rise in the wheel and rail. Secondly, after the temperature distribution of wheel/rail, due to friction, is calculated, substitute the thermal load with equivalent fictitious body force and boundary distributed force loaded on the nodes of the corresponding elements. The wheel-load is applied to the center of the wheel.

首先，用热流边界条件模拟轮轨接触界面的摩擦热源，考虑轮轨间的非稳态热传导、轮轨自由表面与环境的热对流、热辐射的影响，建立轮轨滚动接触热耦合有限元计算模型，分析计算轮轨滚、滑工况下的摩擦温升；其次，以求得的轮轨温度场结果作为求解轮轨应力场的已知条件，轮载以集中力形式直接加载于轮心处，将摩擦温升引起的热载荷等效为假想体力和热边界面力，施加于相应的单元节点上，建立了轮轨热—机械载荷耦合作用的热弹性平面应力模型，分析热—机械载荷作用下的轮轨应力场。

In this model, not only natural convection that is caused by different vertical density, and the baffle effect of shearing stress caused by viscosity is considered, but also the effect of concentration distinction itself to leaky flow is considered

该模型不仅考虑了由于密度差引起的自然对流作用，粘滞性产生的切应力对水流运动的阻滞作用，还考虑了溶质浓度的差异对越流的影响。

1St, foreword main point: A, about Earth's internal heat circulation as well as successional variation process three important times: Birth time, lifeless time, until has the life time; B, the earth interior stone fruits archery target thermonuclear reaction, causes the earth interior material convection and the Earth revolve production as well as terrestrial magnetic field production three between relations; C, also has in has the life time, the vital activity to the entire internal heat circulation influence as well as to the earth's atmosphere influence; D, has the life time, in the stratum the coal and the petroleum, the natural gas and so on the fixed energy storage which as a result of energies and so on zoology and botany absorption transformation sunlight forms, to Earth internal heat circulation influence as well as with earth's crust each kind of movement relation, such as: The plate movement, the volcanic earthquake, the orogenesis, the Earth moves the fierce degree the periodic phenomenon and so on.

前言要点： A 、关于地球的内热循环以及演变过程的三个重要时期：诞生时期，无生命时期，直至有生命时期； B 、地球内部核物质的热核反应，引起的地球内部物质对流与地球旋转的产生以及地球磁场的产生三者之间的关系； C 、还有在有生命时期，生命活动对整个内热循环的影响以及对地球大气的影响； D 、有生命时期，地层中煤与石油、天然气等由于动植物吸收转化太阳光等能量而形成的固定能量存储，对地球内热循环的影响以及与地壳各种运动的联系，诸如：板块运动，火山地震，造山运动，地球活动剧烈程度的周期性现象等。

And the feasibility of the two measurement methods is demonstrated.3 Computer simulation is performed in the situation of air passing by a heating columned thermistor through a round pipeline. The fluid velocity and temperature distributions under different mass flowrate are shown. They reflect the impact the heating thermistor has on the fluid. The velocity distribution on the surface of the heating thermistor is studied and the impact of natural convection is revealed. The lower limit of measurement based on the simulation result is given.

仿真实验结果给出了不同空气质量流量下加热元件周围流体的速度和温度分布，直观反映了加热元件对流动产生的影响；研究了发热元件表面流体的速度分布，揭示了由浮升力引起的自然对流对流量测量的影响，给出了测量下限值的仿真结果；并通过仿真实验数据验证了恒功率热消散式热式流量计的流量方程。

The mesoscale cyclonical feature in the surface stream near the coastal areas is not apparent while the typhoon approaching the main land. The surface southeast current of typhoon is divided into an east current and a southeast current, making for confluence of local currents and convection.

当台风移近大陆时，靠近沿海地区的地面流场中尺度涡旋特征并不明显，主要表现在台风近地面偏东南气流出现分支，形成偏东与偏东南气流，有利于在沿海地区形成局部气流汇合并引起或增强对流。

These results clearly justifies that in combustor, the injector location and its conditions have no effect on the flowfield structure but have strong effect on the combustion efficiency, and that inside the engine, undesirable injector conditions can result in the engine thermal choked and unstart.

第五章计算了含横向喷流的二维燃烧室和一种简化一体化超燃冲压发动机流场，发现在燃烧室中喷口位置及喷射条件对流场的结构影响不大，但对燃烧效率却有较大的影响；而在发动机内部，不适当的喷射条件，有可能引起发动机的&热壅塞&，使发动机无法启动。

I am accused of being overreligious," she said in her quiet, frank manner,"but that does not prevent me thinking the children very cruel who obstinately commit such suicide.""

客人们在卡罗利娜·埃凯家里，举止就文雅一些，因为卡罗利娜的母亲治家很严厉。

Designed by French fashion house Herm è s, this elegant uniform was manufactured in our home, Hong Kong, and was the first without a hat.

由著名品牌 Herm è s 设计，这件高贵的制服是香港本土制造，是我们第一套不配帽子的制服。