对流引起的

Therefore, the moist potential vorticity analysis associated with the mesoscale convective system was researched in the paper, so as to reveal the moist potential characteristics of mesoscale convective system in typhoon circulation. The results showed that, during the generation stage, convective instability characterized by MPV1 was a favorable condition for forming MCS, while the vorticity which was caused by the slantwise isentropic surface and the vertical shear of the horizontal wind characterized by MPV2 was an inspiring mechanism. The specific process was that, the atmosphere exhibited the feature of strong convective instability at the low level of convection areas and the southeast areas, which included plenty of erratic energy. The slantwise ascended the stream transfer the erratic energy to northwest, where the stratification stability was small. As decreased, the cyclonic vorticity increased. On the other hand, the vorticity caused by the slantwise isentropic surface and the vertical shear of the horizontal wind inspired the release of convective instability and as a result that the MCS formed. During the development stage, the cyclonic vorticity increased quickly with the persistent decreasing of . Meanwhile, the inclination of isentropic linewas bigger than the absolute momentum line at middle level, which exhibited the feature of conditional symmetric instability , then the conditional symmetric instability was forced to release by the vorticity resulted from the slantwise isentropic surface and the vertical shear of horizontal wind, and the MCS developed.

结果表明，在对流形成阶段，MPV1即对流不稳定为MCS的形成提供背景不稳定条件，由MPV2即湿等熵面的倾斜和水平风的垂直切变而引起的涡旋发展作为强迫机制：MCS形成的区域及东南区域中低层是强对流不稳定层，蕴含丰富的不稳定能量，倾斜上升运动把对流不稳定区具有强不稳定能量的暖湿空气向西北中层的中性层结区输送，由于的减小，气旋性涡度增强，有利于形成对流，另一方面，由于湿等熵面倾斜和低空急流加强而引起的涡旋发展作为一种强迫机制激发对流不稳定能量得到释放，从而形成对流；在对流系统地发展阶段，由于低层的对流不稳定性进一步减弱，进一步减小，气旋性涡度进一步增强，有利于MCS的增强，中层等θe 线的倾斜度比绝对动量M 等值线的倾斜度大，对应有条件对称不稳定区域，满足条件对称不稳定条件，在湿等熵面倾斜和台风低空急流作用下引起的涡旋发展强迫对称不稳定能量释放，从而使得对流得以维持和加强。

The influences of ACRT on solid-liquid interface, growth striation and formation of core have been discussed.

本文还对ACRT引起的强迫对流对固液界面形状、生长条纹和芯的影响进行了讨论。

The latest geopotential model, EGM96, was employed to compute the free air gravity anomaly, geoidal separation, the average density anomalies of the crust and the uppermost mantle, and the distribution pattern of the viscous stress exerted by mantle convection over Xinjiang and its neighboring areas.

利用最新的地球重力场模型，计算了新疆及邻近地区的自由空气重力异常、大地水准面扰动异常、地壳和上地幔平均密度异常以及地幔对流引起的岩石层底界面粘滞应力场分布。

Mesoscale model MM5 isused to examine the orographic effect to the precipitation caused by a MesoscaleConvective System over Taiwan. A seriesof sensitive simulations are carried out toinvestigate the sensitivity of model resolution and orographic accuracy to precipitation.

Keywords：orographic effect； MCS； precipitation 台湾地形对1998年6月7-8日中标准对流系统降雨的影响朱晓金张庆红摘要：利用中标准模式MM5研究了台湾地形对中标准对流系统所引起的降雨的影响。

Some key problems whether the height and diameter of the reactor chamber can be further increased,how to optimize the temperature and concentration fields above the susceptor,etc.are explored.

模拟结果发现：(1)通过对反应器形状进行优化，使进口处流道趋向于流线的形状，可以大大地削弱甚至消除由流道扩张引起的涡旋；(2)在影响对流涡旋的几何参数中，反应腔高度起主要作用，而反应腔直径影响较小。

An experimental investigation on natural convection of micropolar fluid in an inclined shallow enclosure was carried out using a flow visualization.

以实验方法探讨突扩型密闭空间内悬浮流体，由不同温度梯度及不同倾斜面角度下，在稳定状态时所引起的自然对流。

The fifth typhoon named HaiTang landed in Fujian in 2005, then it moved to northwest. During this movement, there was a mesoscale convective cloud increasing quickly, within the periphery of cloud cinctures of typhoon connected with tropical convergence cinctures. And the MCS caused heavy rainf all in the eastern and northern part of Wenzhou, which made the more dangerous weather than typhoon. In a word, it was important to research the developmental mechanism of MCS, for the new discovery could contribute to forecasting rainstorm caused by the landing typhoon in the future.

2005年05号台风&海棠&登陆福建后，在外围云系里有个明显发展的中尺度对流云团经过温州东部及北部地区，引起了强降水，从而造成比热带风暴环流本身更具破坏力的强烈天气，因此研究台风内中尺度对流系统的发展机制能够为预报台风灾害提供依据。

Anomalous anticyclone at the upper level is form in response to the enhanced convective heating off the equator, resulting in increased geopotential height and temperature over the Tibetan Plateau and in favor of the early BOB seasonal transition. Another effect of Positive SST anomalies over the Warm Pool is to induce anomalously strong zonal monsoon circulation. The anomalous zonal monsoon circulation strengths the southerlies in upper levels due to Coriolis force. Thus the enhanced warm meridional advection in connection with the warming over the Tibetan Plateau lead to early seasonal transition over the BOB region.

高空大气通过热力适应过程对这种异常对流加热的响应是产生异常反气旋环流，则高原上空的位势高度偏高，温度偏高，引起季节转换偏早；暖池海温异常偏高的另一作用是，它激发出异常强的季风纬向环流，在高层，季风纬向环流受到柯氏力作用又使得南风加强，导致孟加拉湾东部地区经向暖平流及其北部下沉增温加强，加速了孟加拉湾季节转换进程。

The deflection and circumfluence of flue gas in convection section would affect the heat transfer when one firebox is on decoking operation,and some tube's temperature would be higher.

双辐射室裂解炉采用两个辐射室共用一个对流段的结构，在一侧辐射室正常生产而另一侧进行烧焦操作时，对流室烟气的偏流和回流会引起对流炉管的受热不均，局部对流炉管传热能力下降。

Using the large eddy simulation and particle direct simulation, the diffusion of particle in sudden expansion pipe is modeled.

对江水换热引起的污垢热阻，采用热力学第一、二定律和熵产分析法，分析污垢对管内对流换热过程性能的影响。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。