对流地

In addition,Various methods of stability analysis of wakes behind bluff bodies arediscussed,among which the general theory of absolute/convective instability is strictlyformulized from stability equations of viscous flow;the theoretical foundation of stabil-ity analysis of time-average flows is also discussed from basic equations of fluids,andthe reason for the stability analysis of time-average flow can predict the frequency inthe saturation state is explaned.

此外，讨论了钝体尾迹稳定性分析的各种方法，其中从粘性流的稳定性方程出发严格推导了绝对/对流不稳定性的理论公式；从基本方程出发探讨了采用时均流场作稳定性分析的可行性，并解释了用时均流场作稳定性分析可以更好地预示饱和频率的原因。

The analytical solution of 1-D convectional-dispersion differential equation with the hydrodynamic dispersion coefficients so determined can very well simulate the salt and water movement processes in the soil columns.

采用如此计算得到的水动力弥散系数D值代入经典的一维对流-扩散方程能很好地预报饱和土壤的水盐运移。

Not only is the method applied in this paper better to solve the iteration between unsteady convection and conduction and the boundary condition problem, but also is a developmental application on forward and backward difference of windward scheme under unsteady condition.

不仅较好地解决了对流换热和导热的迭代求解和边界条件的处理问题，还将迎风格式的向前和向后差分发展性地应用于非稳态求解过程。

At present, the treatment on cerebral edema is still using the dehydrator to recede the intracranial pressure, but the in influence on fluid balance, renal function or circulation have been acknowledged, there is not other better dehydration technique to take place of dehydrator yet.

HVHF具有强大的对流作用，能有效地第一军医大学2001级博士学位论文导师：徐如祥教授清除分子量在30，000道尔顿中、小分子溶质，其中包括相当数量的炎症介质、细胞因子，从而改善了炎症介质反应过程；同时，HVHF能受控制地、等渗地脱水；通过床边滤过机能很好地控制体温并能更精确地调整机体赖以生存的内环境。

It builds the whole liquid-cooling system mainly by the design of the liquid-cooling decalescence boxes(improve its bottom material from aluminium alloy to pure copper, enlarge its volume, better cooling effects, and strengthen pressurization), by the operations of cooling effect about the heat exchanger worked by its temperature adjustability of the ribs(diffuse the heat fleetly owing to the excellent diathermancy of the material of the ribs ,make effective diathermancy owing to ribs outside areas, and drive the heat of the ribs away by the fans), and by the water pump made up of the piezoelectric ceramic with the excellent performance-no electromagnetism interference, little cubage, little noise, light exterior, light weight, low consume, high flux, replacing the mechanical pump.

在液冷散热器的研究中，主要通过对液冷吸热盒设计不断地改进(使吸热盒底部的材料从铝合金变为纯铜材料，其整个体积有所变大，但其散热效果明显变好，且密封性得到了极大地加强)，综合地运用换热器中肋片的壁面温度调节作用产生的散热效果(肋片材料优良的导热性，快速地扩散了热量：肋片较大的与流体接触的表面积，使传热更加充分，对流热阻大大减小；再利用风扇对肋片上的热量进行吹散)，利用性能优良的压电陶瓷泵(该泵机电性能稳定，具有无电磁干扰、体积小、噪音小、外型轻薄、重量轻、低能耗。、高扬程等优点。)代替机械泵作为驱动源，搭建了整个散热系统。

LES cooperated with the second order full extension ETG finite element method is applied to simulate three typical problems concerned with convection heat transfer with sufficient experimental data. By comparing the numerical results with the experimental results, LES is proved to be of better accuracy and stability when it is used to solve the problems concerned with convection heat transfer. The time history of the flow field and temperature field can be reflected better, and abundant information of the fields can be obtained. Furthermore the details of the change in the vortex structure can be captured.

应用大涡模拟与二阶全展开ETG有限元离散格式相结合的方法对具有实验基础的三个典型对流换热问题进行了数值模拟，并将模拟结果与相应的实验结果进行对比，证明了大涡模拟应用于对流换热问题中具有较高的稳定性和精度，能够较好地反映流场和温度场的时变过程，提供丰富的温度场和流场信息，捕捉流场中旋涡结构的变化细节，尤其适合于边界形状复杂的区段内含有大尺度各向异性涡的流动和换热问题的计算。

The moisture flux in case 2006 was more than case 2005. The frontogenesis process in case 2006 was obvious; it showed that the front system was accompanied with a strong temperature gradient. The mid and low-level frontogenesis process played an important role in the development and maintenance of causing the front convective systems. The jets were formed with the difference of horizontal ageostrophic wind in vertical direction.

由水气收支计算可得到水平水气通量辐合对於对流系统之水气来源扮演正回馈作用，其中2006年个案中水气通量较2005年个案来得大。2006年个案之锋生过程显著，中低层锋生过程扮演导致锋面对流系统之发展与维持重要角色；而低层喷流生成的条件主要来自於横向非地转风垂直分布之喷生作用。

Because the method employs the technique along the characteristics to discretize the convective term and it is unnecessary to determine the boundary condition of the vortex ahead of time, it is very convenient to solve the Navier-Stokes equation and natural convection problem.

该方法对对流项仍采用沿特征线离散技术，并且不需要事先确定漩涡度的边界条件，从而可以方便地求解流函数-漩涡度形式的Navier-Stokes方程及自然对流问题。

A pure advective problem and a pure diffusion problem verify the algorithm. The model is used to simulate salt transport in Oujiang estuary.

通过纯对流和纯扩散算例对模型进行检验和验证，结果表明，模型能够较好地模拟物质输运的对流扩散问题。

Simulations of echo intensity,maximum precipitation without orographic effects are much weaker than observations;and they are much improved and closer to the reality after consideration of orographic effects.

理想地形的对流过程虽然不能模拟出对流群中多单体的生消过程，但最大降水强度和累积降水都比平坦地面的大，更接近实测结果。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。