对流传热

To some extent, the nucleate boiling and the two-phase forced convective heat transfer through the liquid film always co-exist in the saturated nucleate boiling zone and two-phase forced convection zone. The liquid fill-ratio, input power and content of the non-condensable gas exert significant influence upon the start-up performance and the heat transfer performance of LHP.

并且在饱和核态沸腾区与两相强制对流区内，总是在某种程度上同时发生着核态沸腾区与两相强制对流液膜传热；充液量、输入功率及其不凝性气体的含量对回路热管的起动性能和传热性能部有很大的影响。

In passive solar heating room with greenhouse and heat storage, thermal insulation of solar heating room has significant effects on temperature distribution and airflow in the heating chamber of this solar system. Solar irradiation absorber, heat storage and insulation are the main effect factors of the passive solar heating room Heat transfer and gas flow in rock bed worked as solar absorber and storage layer have also been studied, including transport properties.

被动式太阳能温室-采暖房，分析采暖房北墙采用或不采用隔热保温措施时，温室-采暖房内的温度和气流分布情况，模拟具有蓄热层的太阳能温室-采暖房中的对流传热，表明集热、蓄热、隔热是太阳能温室蓄热型采暖房的三个重要方面。

In the paper, a numerical model is proposed for natural pulsating flow and heat transfer.

本文发展了一种模拟自激脉动流动及对流传热过程的数值方法。

The temperature distribution and limit current were measured experimentally and the overall heat and mass transfer coefficients were determined. Furthermore, the comparison of numerical simulation with experimental measurement showed the good agreement.

本论文所实施的数值模拟方法和电化学实验模拟方法，为多孔介质双浮升力自然对流传热传质的研究提供了行之有效的途径。

On the basis of the conservation equation of continuous medium and in combination with mechanics of fluid through porous media and the heat transfer theory in porous media, conservation equations in porous media (continuous equation, momentum equation and energy equation ) are derived, When constructing the downhole temperature model, heat transfer in a wellbore is considered as the heat transfer in a vertical tube, the flow in a wellbore considered as sufficiently parallel flow, heat transfer in injection zones considered as heat conduction and convection in porous media, the flow in injection zones considered as flow through porous media, heat transfer in adjacent rocks considered as heat conduction in porous media.

在建立井下温度场模型时，把井筒的传热看作是竖直圆管中传热问题，把井筒的流动看作是充分发展的层流流动；把注入层中的传热看作是多孔介质中导热和对流的传热问题，把注入层中的流动看作是渗流；把围岩中的传热看作是多孔介质中导热问题。

It is found that the fouling rate is lowered during subcooled fow boiling by carrying gas injection, and the influence of carrying gas injection on fouling of convective heat transfer is more obvious than that of subcooled flow boiling; morphology of CaCO〓 crystallization fouling exhibits self-similarity and the fractal dimensions of CaCO〓 crystallization fouling are determined from the gray scale distribution of the SEM images by box-dimension method. The value of the crystallization fouling surface fractal dimensions reveals the complexity of the surface, and can be used as an import parameter for the investigation of influence of carrying gas injection on scale formation.

实验发现：引入载气，过冷流动沸腾结垢速率降低，但引入载气对过冷流动沸腾结垢速率的影响要弱于对对流传热结垢速率的影响；CaCO〓结晶垢具有统计自相似性，即分形特征；用盒子维法测定了CaCO〓结晶垢的分维值，分维值的大小反映了换热面上生成的结晶垢表面复杂程度，可用于描述引入载气对污垢的形成作用。

Existence of critical convective heat transfer coefficient h c shows that for naturally cooled monobloc barrel, large h and small δ is selected when strength and manufacturing processes are considered simultaneously.

临界对流传热系数hc的存在表明，对自然散热条件下单筒身管来说，在重量、刚度允许条件下，增加壁厚可以达到降低内膛温度的目的；就主动冷却身管而言，选择大h、小δ时需兼顾强度和制造工艺性。

For naturally cooled monobloc barrel, its thermal condition in regular regime can be evaluated by measuring the outside temperature of two arbitrary rounds;(2) During a sustained firing process, unsteady heat conduction exists in a monobloc barrel, whereas unsteady and quasi steady heat conduction exist with actively cooled composite barrels, meaning that the thermal condition changes from uncontrolled to controlled;(3) Different combinations of the convective heat transfer coefficient h and thickness of gun barrel δ have much effects on cooling the bore temperature.

利用有限元软件分析了某大口径火炮身管的温度场分布，并对自然散热条件下的单筒身管和主动冷却条件下的复合身管温度场进行了比较，其结果为(1)身管温度场分布存在初始和正规工况阶段，后者的单筒身管热状态可以通过测定任意两发身管外表面温度来评估；(2)持续射击过程中，单筒身管始终处于非稳态导热过程，主动冷却身管则包括非稳态和准稳态两个过程，实现了身管热状态由不可控向可控转变；(3)对流传热系数h和身管壁厚δ的组合对降低内膛温度具有很大影响。

Various value of mass transfer number and the oxidizer mass flux were considered in the calculation. The regression rate of the solid fuel was formulized based on the calculation.

为了深入了解混合燃烧的机理，在1963年由Marxman等[3]提出了基于边界层燃烧的对流传热控制模型，该模型假定燃烧发生在固体燃料升华表面上的边界层中的一个相对薄的火焰层中。

The control thermal resistance is that of natural convection and thus heat pipe radiator can be simplified as a vertical plate channel heat radiator. The influence of tilt angle to thermal resistance of heat pipe radiator is also discussed in this paper.

该散热器的控制热阻为翅片与空气间的自然对流热阻，其间的传热可简化为倾斜通道自然对流的传热，在竖直平板通道模型的基础上加以翅片倾斜角度的修正。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。