对流

The conditional symmetry instability is the intermediate process between the stable and instable states of the atmosphere. The evolution of the atmosphere from the stable to unstable state or from unstable to stable state comes through two stages. The convective-symmetric instability circulation is related with the state and type of the instability. When the conditional instability lies in the lower level and conditional symmetric instability in the upper level, the circulation will have vertical updrafts in the lower level and slantwise updrafts in the upper level. The release of conditional symmetric instability gives rise to a mesoscale rain belt.

结果表明：条件对称不稳定是大气稳定状态和条件不稳定状态之间的中间纽带，大气由稳定向不稳定或者由不稳定向稳定的演变均通过条件对称不稳定来实现；对流对称不稳定环流的形成与不稳定层的配置有关，当低层为条件不稳定而高层叠加深厚的条件对称不稳定时，对流对称不稳定环流低层出现垂直上升气流，高层出现范围较广的倾斜上升气流，对称不稳定能量释放产生中尺度云带。

The mechanism was similar to the equivalent barotropic warm core structure. The Conditional Instability of the Second Kind was the primary mechanism of development and maintenance for MCSs in case 2005. As the MCSs intensified and persisted, the latent heating was highly efficient in producing significant enhancement of Mei-Yu front systems. The LLJ intensified by Coriolis acceleration of ageostrophic wind was induced by the effect of latent heat release. The LLJ and the effect of latent heat released reinforce each other in convection system through a positive feedback process.

综合而言，2005年个案中梅雨锋面结构为垂直近乎不倾斜的浅系统，槽线系统不明显，锋面水平温度梯度微弱，低层具有强水平气旋式风切，较似正压系统，个案中MCS发展及维持机制，主要是透过CISK 过程来维持；其过程是由於低层锋面带上之辐合激发对流发展，对流潜热释放造成局部气压梯度增强，因而增强地转风；而潜热释放亦有利低层辐合之增强，产生非地转风，再透过科氏加速增强西南风，使LLJ增强，形成一正向的回馈作用。

Evaluation results show that the turbulence in convection zone is capable of generating enough wave energy to supply coronal energy lose due to convection and radiation.

利用理论结果的计算表明，对流层的湍动对流完全有可能激发足够的波能去补充日冕中等离子体对流和辐射造成的能量损失。

The aim is to test the effects of some physical processes on the structure of the solar convection zone, such as the dissipation, diffusion, and anisotropy of turbulence that have been ignored in the classical mixing-length theory.

研究发现，Reynolds应力模型得到的对流能量流通常比混合长模型的结果更大，并且传能效率敏感地依赖于对流模型中的耗散系数。

In this paper, the thermal transmission of deep basement reservoir and its relation with structure are discussed at the first time in Tianj in city. The type of thermal transmission near the fault zone is mainly convection, that in the intra-block mixed conduction and convection together.

本文探讨了天津城区深部基岩热储热传递方式，并且论述了热传递方式与热储构造的密切关系：断裂带附近的热传递，以热对流为主；断块内部的热传递为热对流和热传导相互叠加。

The modified model took into account not only the coupled heat transfer of conduction, convection and radiation, but also the heat convection between each zone caused by temperature difference and airflow.

该模型综合了墙体热传导、壁面对流热交换以及内部控制体之间的对流热交换过程。

By the analysis of heat transfer between air and wall in vertical direction and the mechanism of air flow in large space building, this paper provides a theoretical model that the air temperature in vertical direction can be divided into three zones: temperature-constant air-conditioning zone, main convection zone and top heat stagnation zone.

通过对大空间建筑室内垂直方向上空气与壁面换热和流动机理分析，提出了空气温度在垂直方向上划分为等温空调区、对流主区域、顶部热滞留区域三个区域，建立了对流主区域、顶部热滞留区域求解空气温度的数学模型，推导得到了相应的分析解，提出了计算大空间建筑室内垂直温度分布简易模型。

To some extent, the nucleate boiling and the two-phase forced convective heat transfer through the liquid film always co-exist in the saturated nucleate boiling zone and two-phase forced convection zone. The liquid fill-ratio, input power and content of the non-condensable gas exert significant influence upon the start-up performance and the heat transfer performance of LHP.

并且在饱和核态沸腾区与两相强制对流区内，总是在某种程度上同时发生着核态沸腾区与两相强制对流液膜传热；充液量、输入功率及其不凝性气体的含量对回路热管的起动性能和传热性能部有很大的影响。

The simulation floating zone modelwith zero temperature gradient in the middle of the hot rod is proposed to simulate thehalf part of the full floating zone convection,since the temperature gradient in the middleof a full floating zone approaches zero.

根据加热方式的不同，可以将半浮区液桥分为通常半浮区液桥模型、模拟半浮区模型以及改型半浮区模型。通常半浮区液桥模型，液桥热端材料一般选择为金属材料，使得热端温度分布均匀。液桥产生热毛细对流时，在液桥热端内侧存在较大的轴向温度梯度。而在全浮区热毛细对流中，浮区中间的轴向温度梯度在对称条件下应该接近于零。

But magnets can be well designed to control the intensities and direction of this kind of convection.

它是一种由体积力驱动的类似自然对流的流动，可以通过设计合适的磁场来控制热磁对流的强度和方向。

I am accused of being overreligious," she said in her quiet, frank manner,"but that does not prevent me thinking the children very cruel who obstinately commit such suicide.""

客人们在卡罗利娜·埃凯家里，举止就文雅一些，因为卡罗利娜的母亲治家很严厉。

Designed by French fashion house Herm è s, this elegant uniform was manufactured in our home, Hong Kong, and was the first without a hat.

由著名品牌 Herm è s 设计，这件高贵的制服是香港本土制造，是我们第一套不配帽子的制服。