对流

In addition, the absolute/convective instability is studied, and the governing region in the parameter plane is declared. It is shown that the absolute instability may become predominant when the electric field or the surface tension is sufficiently large.

另外，研究了单流体射流的绝对和对流不稳定性，在参数平面上给出了它们的控制区域，发现在电场强度足够大或表面张力足够大时，射流可能由对流不稳定状态进入绝对不稳定状态。

In the second chapter, we investigate propagations of desynchronous disturbances in synchronized chaotic one-way coupled map lattices. It is well known that spatiotemporally chaotic systems with large gradient couplings may show convective instability under the absolute stability condition of chaos synchronization. This convective instability is the key reason for the effective propagation of control signals.

时空混沌在不同的耦合系数情况下会表现出不同的动力学行为，用驱动实现具有强梯度耦合系数的时空混沌同步时，会观察到在绝对稳定条件下被驱动系统表现出对流不稳定性，这种对流不稳定性是在单个信号驱动下实现混沌同步的关键原因。

The simulation results show that the rod baffles placed vertically and horizontally in the unit duct continuously shear and comminute the streamlines of the flow when the fluid crosses over the rod-baffles, change the fluid flow directions, and result in the disruption of the continuity and stability of the fluid. The disturbing flow can promote the fluid turbulent intensity and effectively enhance the heat transfer.

结果表明，纵横交错布置的折流杆在单元流道中不断分割和剪切流道内流体，其扰流作用促进了流体湍流，减薄了液体边界层，减小了对流换热热阻，因而有效地提高了流体的对流换热强度。

Not only baroclinic instability and conditional symmetry instability lie in the middle-low level, but also lie in the middle-upper level of DMMCS. At the west of DMMCS, there lies negative MPV2 column.

深湿对流系统的中低层不仅有对流不稳定，而且还有斜压不稳定、条件对称不稳定，而中高层必须有湿斜压不稳定和条件对称不稳定。

Thermal conductivity A of mass and single pellet is successively measured by an efficient and steady heating system, of which the heat source is infrared ray. The milli-volt instrument and thermocouple is a way to measure temperature and its of higher precision and has fewer errors. Thermal diffusivity a is researched based on the study of C and. In this thesis, the volume convective heat-transfer coefficient, is measured on the thin-bed drying plat in terms of the principle of cooling machine and the Boyce drying theory, focusing on the air velocity v or mass flux G affecting on h.

导热系数λ的测定采用红外线纵向热流法，热源稳定、效率高；温度采用毫伏表加热偶温度传感器测量，精度高，误差小，并对成堆物料和单个颗粒均作了研究；基于C和λ的测量结果，导温系数α采用公式法计算而得；对流换热系数h_y为体积对流换热系数，其测定是模拟颗粒饲料的冷却干燥过程，依照冷却器的工作原理，构建颗粒薄层干燥试验台，并在Boyce干燥理论的指导下，重点测试了冷却风速对对流换热系数的影响。

Thirdly, on the basis of the refractive index function around a hot-rolling bar obtained from experiments, the law of the light-ray propagation traces and the light-ray deflection around a high-temperature bar (stationary and in motion, respectively) is studied by the numerical computing of the light-ray differential equations.

作者用光学干涉和热电偶测温法，系统地对直径从35-86mm、壁温从500-1170℃的水平圆柱在自然对流及受迫对流状态下、周围折射率场或温度场进行了实验研究，得到了高温差水平圆柱对流换热的实验关联式。

Firstly, the mechanism of heat transfer enhancement by oscillation heat surface is discussed in natural convection scene. For different oscillation amplitude and Rayleigh number, the frequency that the heat transfer rate of oscillation heat surface is higher than non-oscillation condition is found and called critical oscillation frequency. The limitation enhancement of similar physical model is still researched by this study in mixed and forced convection scenes for different amplitude and Grashof number. Generally, that a heat surface subject to a oscillation motion is advantageous to convective heat transfer is a well-known tuition.

首先探讨在垂直管道内振动高温面於自然对流领域内提升高温面热传效率的机制，并且针对不同的振幅与雷利数求得加入振动条件后，高温面散热效果可以优於稳态非振动高温面散热效果的临界振动频率；进而探讨当垂直管道流进入混合对流与强制对流范围时，在不同的振幅与葛瑞秀夫数下，亦可发现加入振动条件后，振动高温面之散热效果可以优於稳态非振动高温面散热效果的临界振动频率。

Firstly, the mechanism of heat transfer enhancement by oscillation heat surface is discussed in natural convection scene. For different oscillation amplitude and Rayleigh number, the frequency that the heat transfer rate of oscillation heat surface is higher than non-oscillation condition is found and called critical oscillation frequency. The limitation enhancement of similar physical model is still researched by this study in mixed and forced convection scenes for different amplitude and Grashof number.

首先探讨在垂直管道内振动高温面於自然对流领域内提升高温面热传效率的机制，并且针对不同的振幅与雷利数求得加入振动条件后，高温面散热效果可以优於稳态非振动高温面散热效果的临界振动频率；进而探讨当垂直管道流进入混合对流与强制对流范围时，在不同的振幅与葛瑞秀夫数下，亦可发现加入振动条件后，振动高温面之散热效果可以优於稳态非振动高温面散热效果的临界振动频率。

It was the first time that experimental studies of the flow characteristics and convective heat transfer in platelet regenerative cooling channels with high aspect ratio were conducted in China.

大高宽比再生冷却套在宽度上已属于微小通道，为考察其流动传热是否与常规尺度管道不同，本文理论分析采用经典N-S方程而未考虑微小尺度效应是否合理，研究流道高宽比等几何参数对其水力和对流换热特性的影响，分别搭建了挤压式水力实验台和泵压式对流换热实验台，设计了d〓=1.0~1.2mm，宽度为0.6~0.8mm，AR=3~15的5个不同高宽比矩形通道层板试验件，采用线切割加工槽道和扩散焊接盖板的制造工艺，得到了质量可靠的试验件，以水为工质，在国内首次对大高宽比层板再生冷却通道的流动和对流换热特性进行了实验研究。

The result shows that gravity wave excited by the tropopause forcing can propagate stably to the mesosphere through the stratosphere so that the energy and momentum can be transferred from a region to another. In the propagation, gravity wave undergoes growth, overturning, convection and breaking. The breaking of gravity wave is the important source of convection and smallscale waves, and convective instability and overturn are the character of nonlinear phenomenon.

分析结果表明，从对流层顶激发的重力波能稳定地经平流层传到中层顶，从而将能量和动量从一个区域带到另一个区域；在向上传播过程中，重力波经历了发展、位温翻转、对流直至最终破碎的演变；重力波的破碎是对流和小尺度波动的重要的源，对流不稳定和翻转是非线性现象的一个基本特征。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失