对流

By utilizing the method of Schlieren system, interfacial turbulence of convective structure in desorption of ethanol from water was observed and quantitatively analyzed.

采用光学纹影系统对乙醇和水双组分解吸传质过程的对流结构的界面湍动进行了定性观察和定量分析。

Natural convection ; absorption ; Schlieren device ; finite-element method ; numerical simulation

自然对流；吸收；纹影仪；有限元；数值模拟

In the coastal transformation computation, the energy dissipation due to sea-bottom friction is included.

在近岸海啸变形部分的计算中，考虑了非线性对流项与海底摩擦项。

Further, the second order derivative about the temperature along axial microtube to the length is obtained.

建立简化的数学模型，并通过推导获得了沿轴向的导热对内部对流换热的关系式。

In the Chapter 2 of this dissertation, new pulse sequences were introduced, in which CPMG and bipolar gradient pulses have been implemented into pulsed-filed-gradients spin-echo NMR spectroscopy, and is used to measure the self-diffusion coefficient of metabolites in bio-fluids.

实验结果表明，这种新方法不仅可以在生物体温或更高温度下准确测量分子的自扩散系数，不受对流和背景梯度的干扰，同时还具有复杂核磁共振谱的编辑功能，能够在不做任何物理分离的条件下，分别研究生物大分子和小分子的扩散系数，以及分子之间的相互作用。

Further, the bifurcation diagram and the contour maps of vertical velocity field, streamlines, temperature field, concentration field and sideview shadowgraph intensities corresponding to the convection patterns of three Rayleigh numbers along the bifurcation upper branch were given.

进一步，我们给出了分叉曲线及其沿分叉曲线的上部分支三个Rayleigh数对应的对流图案的垂直速度场，流线，温度场，浓度场和Shadowgraph强度的等值线图。

In this model, not only natural convection that is caused by different vertical density, and the baffle effect of shearing stress caused by viscosity is considered, but also the effect of concentration distinction itself to leaky flow is considered

该模型不仅考虑了由于密度差引起的自然对流作用，粘滞性产生的切应力对水流运动的阻滞作用，还考虑了溶质浓度的差异对越流的影响。

In the deformation analysis, equilibrium hyperelastic constitutive equations which are obtained by our experiments are applied; In the dissipation energy analysis, dissipation energy is calculated by combining the stress-strain distributions derived from the deformation analysis and viscous dissipation characters; In the heat transfer analysis, combining temperature on tire side tested by drum test, a numerical inverse method is described for determining the heat convection boundary on tire side.

变形分析中，采用了平衡态的超弹性材料模型；损耗分析中，依据变形分析获得的应力应变场，结合材料粘性损耗特性来获得损耗能量；热传导分析中，依据实测的轮胎胎侧温度场，提出了一种基于实验的数值反演方法来确定胎侧的对流热边界条件。

According to the principle of similarity theory, a dynamic physical 1:1 model was established.

按照相似理论的原理，建立了一套动态1：1的物理模型，分别采用超声波浪高仪和电导仪测定了水口结构尺寸和工艺参数对熔池液面波动和流体混合状况的影响，并采用激光测速仪对流场进行了测定。

Experiment and flow visualization are conducted in a water-filled cavity which cover the range of Ra=1×10〓----6×10〓 and Pr=3. 3---6. 5. Similarity theorem is applied in analytical investigations. And core region stratification effects to heat transfer are studied. By using scale analysis, temperature and velocity profiles in turbulent natural convection boundary layer are obtained. The results reveals that for turbulent natural convection in enclosures, the bulk of the cavity fluid is essentially statement with thermally stratified temperature and the only substantial motion is that in the boundary layer along four side walls.

在实验方面，作者在高Ra范围内（Ra〓=1×10'~Ra〓=6×10〓，Pr=3.3~6.3）对封闭空间实验台以蒸馏水为介质进行了换热实验与流动显示；在理论分析方面，作者采用相似原理导出了分析解；研究了核心区温度分层规律及其对换热的影响；另外还运用尺度分析法探讨了紊流自然对流边界层温度与速度分布。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。