对流

It is difficult to provide whole flow field information, nevertheless, the information are imperative for airflow of electric precipitator research.

PIV的出现使得人们第一次能够对流场的速度分布进行一次全场测量，而且具有很高的精度。

The SCVFV(the convection-diffusion difference scheme based on control-volume face values) scheme was put forward. The theory of the SCVFV scheme was systematically elaborated. The general interpolation formula of the SCVFV scheme was given. The formulas of the SCVFV scheme based on the Cartesian coordinate were derived. The precision, the mass conservation property and the preventability of the false-diffusion of the SCVFV scheme were theoretically analyzed.

提出了基于控制容积面值的对流扩散差分格式SCVFV，系统地阐述了SCVFV格式的基本思想，给出了SCVFV插值公式的通用表达式，推导了直角坐标系下完整的SCVFV格式的表达式，从理论上分析SCVFV格式的精度、守恒性及反伪扩散性。

The model is a 10-level limited-area primitive equation model, with horizonatal resolution of 22.5km.

这样预报对流系统的发生就变成了吸引子的计算，不严格地依赖于初始状态。

Firstly, based on the method of pressure-velocity coupling introduced by SIMPLE algorithm and a revised method of solving the unsteady equation of stream function and vorticity on uniform grid, a special algorithm called primitive-variable-time-dependent approach is formed in the present study. In this algorithm the Navier-Stokes equation in primitive variable form is solved by using the time-dependent approach on non-uniform staggered grid system. The second-order accuracy finite difference is used for the first and second partial derivatives of all variables of the convective terms and diffusion terms.

首先，本文在SIMPLE算法系列处理速度与压力耦合问题的思路和均匀网格下改进的关于流函数涡量方程的数值求解方法的基础上，将非定常原始变量Navier-Stokes方程的求解推广至非等距交错网格剖分，形成了具有本文特色的原始变量时间推进方法，其中对流项和扩散项中各变量的各阶导数均采用二阶精度公式，包括温度在内的离散方程组采用ADI迭代方法求解。

This section modifies the quadratic interpolation and constructsa new approximation scheme,which avoids the difficulties of the analysis.

3.4中讨论了带Dirichlet型边值的一维对流扩散方程组的特征——经济型差分格式。

A new method to extend quadratic upwind interpolation of convective kinematics scheme for the unstructured grid was developed based on the finite volume method.

在有限容积法的基础上发展了非结构化网格的对流项二次迎风插值格式。

During the four years study on the project, we develop a dynamical forecast model that describing the subtropical ridge surface. A new theory on the role of the land-sea thermal difference on the formation of the Subtropical High is advanced. It is concluded that in the summer subtropics over each continent and its adjacent ocean LO, SE, CO, and a double-dominant heating from west to east compose a LOSECOD heating quadruplet. The influence of the Eurasia continent on SH varies according to the seasonal variation. From the ideal numerical simulation it is shown the important role of the Eaiuan continent and the huge topography on the mechanism of formation and mantanence of the SH during the summer. It is verified by the numerical simulation that the extension of the subtropical continent into the tropics greatly enhances the " East Asian monsoon". Through the Rossby energy dissipation theory it is verified that the deep latent convective heating induces the onset of the South China Sea monsoon over the Bay of Bengal. The relationship and mechanism between the precipitaiton over the East Asia and the Subtropicla high is illustrated by the data. It is also found the close phase lock between the east-west shift of the SH and the disturbence of the east wind belt over the tropical troposphere. The interaction between the structure and activity feature of the SH and the Meiyu over the Yangtze-Huaihe river valley is revealed from the data. The numerical simulation verified the impact of the different SH pattern on the path of the typhoon.

本项目的研究发展了描述副热带高压脊面变化的动力模型，提出了夏季副热带地区四叶型非绝热加热分布型及相应环流拼图的创新理论；明确了大陆尺度的海陆热力差异在副热带高压形成中的作用；指出欧亚地形对副热带高压和气候的影响随季节变化而变化，通过数值试验证明春季青藏高原的感热加热对亚洲夏季风的爆发地点起了"锚定"的作用，进一步证实了副热带高压断裂和亚洲夏季风的最早爆发地点发生在孟加拉湾东岸；利用Rossby波能量频散理论证明了孟加拉湾深对流潜热释放诱导南海季风爆发的机制；揭示了东亚季风降水的季节内变化与西太副高的关系及机理；揭示了西太副高与东西风带中扰动之间的相互作用过程，指出西太副高的东西活动与热带对流层上空东风带扰动和中纬度西风带扰动的移动和锁相密切相关；研究了夏季淮河流域梅雨期间副高结构和活动特征及其与江淮暴雨的相互作用；验证了不同副热带高压形态对台风路径的不同影响；通过数值试验证明了欧亚大陆和青藏高原等大地形对副热带高压形成和维持的重要作用。

In order to quaintly study the dynamic changeable law of reactive oil contaminants in sand-water system, hydrodynamic parameters for water and salt movement and reactive hydrodynamic parameters are measured through hydrodynamic dispersion test and one dimensional convection and dispersion model.

为了定量地研究滩涂－水系统反应性石油污染物的动态变化规律，通过水动力弥散实验和一维对流、弥散模型确定了水分和溶质在滩涂－水系统的水－盐动力学参数和反应动力学参数。

The main reasons for the larger precipitation in Legates climatology are the rainband in the east of Taiwan during winter and the convective rainfall center over the southern Taiwan and Bashi Channel during summer.

Legates 的降雨气候较高的原因，主要是冬季在台湾东侧沿海有相当明显的雨带，以及夏季在巴士海峡与台湾南部的对流性降雨中心。

Perturbation source forced by convection can produce waves propagating cyclonically, which makes eyewall and spiral rainband enclose eye.

西北侧对流作为扰源，激发波动沿逆时针方向传播，使得眼墙与螺旋雨带逐渐趋于闭合，包围形成较为完整的眼区结构。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷