对流

Since mist mainly alters the convection endotherm dimensionless factor in smoke energy balance equation,obtaining the relationship between convection factor and water mist flow rate would lead to critical condition for flashover restraining.

本文分析了细水雾对多开口受限空间轰燃模型的影响，发现雾滴主要改变烟气层无量纲平衡方程中的对流热损失因子。

With the help of finding the effects of the heat transfer process of building envelope on the indoor environment, solving the indoor flow field and temperature field, the heat convection coefficient of wall surface is obtained at last.

通过发掘建筑维护结构的传热过程对室内环境的作用与影响，求解室内速度场、温度场，从而得到墙体表面对流换热系数。

Based on the thermodynamic analysis of heat transfer process between water jet and the blade surface, the differential equations of heat convection and differential equation of steady heat conduction between water jet and the blade surface are established. Power expression of heat exchange and temperature field expression of the blade are derived.

根据对水射流与刀片间传热过程的热力学分析分别建立了水射流与刀片表面对流换热微分方程组和热源与刀片间的稳态导热微分方程，推导出水射流对刀片的换热功率表达式和刀片内温度场表达式。

This paper suggests the equivalence problem of natural convection heat transfer with vertical lay up flat in encapsulation cavities and gives theoretical proof as well.

提出了在封闭空腔内竖直平板自然对流换热的等价问题，并在理论上对其加以证明，同时通过流动可视化实验定性地验证了上述等价问题。

The results showed that erectness of coupling pattern between upper-layer jet and low jet and a divergence area, which came forth in right of upper-layer jet provide favorable surrounding conditions. The most intensive moisture convergence, the strongest ascending movement and the most instable convection stratification all occurred in the rainfall center. The rainstorm occurred at the warm and wet side of the negative value center of the moist potential vorticity and relative MPV, which had certain indicative significance for the forecast of rainstorm areas.

结果表明：高低空急流的优势配置，耦合形势的建立以及高空急流右侧的强辐散场的存在为暴雨的发生提供了有利的环境条件；暴雨区中上升运动和水汽辐合均大于周围区域，中低层为对流不稳定层结；暴雨区位于湿位涡和湿相对位涡负值中心附近偏暖湿气流一侧，对暴雨落区预报有一定的指示意义。

Pipeline stress calculation and Euler formula, as well as the theory of forced convection heat transfer in tube, are used to solve the problem of large deformation and uneven distribution of stress which occurred in thermal pipeline of a power plant.

通过应用管道应力计算方法、欧拉公式以及管内强制对流换热等传热学理论，解决了某电厂热力管道运行中出现的变形过大、应力分布不均的问题。

The bedrooms also have cross ventilation via fanlight windows above doors.

卧室则通过门上的扇形窗对流通风。

By using this method, the pictures with a clear interface of liquid iron and ferrosilicon can be obtained.

为了了解强迫对流条件下硅铁在铁液中的熔化过程，设计并进行了用石英玻璃作为窗口，观察硅铁块熔化过程的试验，得到了熔化界面动态变化的清晰图像。

In the analysis, firstly, the flux boundary condition is used to simulate the frictional heat resource between wheel and rail. The non-steady heat transfer between the contacting surfaces of the wheel/rail, heat-convection and radiation between the wheel/rail and the ambient were all taken into consideration. Therefore, a heat coupling model of the wheel/rail in rolling/sliding is put forward to calculate the frictional temperature rise in the wheel and rail. Secondly, after the temperature distribution of wheel/rail, due to friction, is calculated, substitute the thermal load with equivalent fictitious body force and boundary distributed force loaded on the nodes of the corresponding elements. The wheel-load is applied to the center of the wheel.

首先，用热流边界条件模拟轮轨接触界面的摩擦热源，考虑轮轨间的非稳态热传导、轮轨自由表面与环境的热对流、热辐射的影响，建立轮轨滚动接触热耦合有限元计算模型，分析计算轮轨滚、滑工况下的摩擦温升；其次，以求得的轮轨温度场结果作为求解轮轨应力场的已知条件，轮载以集中力形式直接加载于轮心处，将摩擦温升引起的热载荷等效为假想体力和热边界面力，施加于相应的单元节点上，建立了轮轨热—机械载荷耦合作用的热弹性平面应力模型，分析热—机械载荷作用下的轮轨应力场。

Numerical method was used to calculate the flow field in three-phase fluidized bed, and to find the better arrangement of rectifying plate. The Discrete Phase Model was used to track the particles track and analyse the influence of structure parameters and operating parameters on dust-collection efficiency. The experimental results coincided with the calculation result.

利用数值计算的方法模拟计算三相流化床塔内流场分布，探求三相流化床的设计参数和运行参数对流场分布的影响，并找出优化整流板布置的方法；利用离散相模型模拟计算粉尘粒子运动轨迹，分析设计参数和运行参数对除尘效率的影响，并与实际工程测试结果比较，结果是两者基本吻合。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。