对流

On base of the theory of polymeric melt filling flow in micro injection molding , the mechanism of convectional heat transfer for polymeric melt was discussed,and the effects of convectional heat transfer on the melt filling flow in micro injection molding were investigated with considering the model of convectional heat transfer coefficient.

在熔体流动理论的基础上，通过分析熔体的对流传热机理，并引入对流换热系数模型，对微注塑成型中对流换热系数对熔体充模流动进行了研究。

In Gregory scheme, not only the importance of the moist static energy is taken into account, but also the common difficulty of the moist convective adjustment scheme, the determination of the temperature profile, is obviated. At the same time, it can give the vertical profile of the apparent heat source Q〓 and apparent moisture sink Q〓. Gregory scheme has the clear physical image that includes the cumulus updrafts, cumulus downdrafts,cumulus induced subsidence in the environmental air, entrainment,detrainment and evaporation. In addition, the interaction between the cumulus and the environment is described by one-dimensional bulk model. It is simpler than the Arakawa-Schubert scheme and has no difficult to decide the spectrum of clouds accurately.It is propitious to operational use because of its simple calculation. Finally, Gregory scheme is not only suitable for moist convection of all types, but also for dry convection.

在该方案中，既强调了湿静力能能量的重要性，又回避了给定临界温度廓线的困难，并且还能给出真实的视热源Q1，视水汽汇Q2的垂直廓线；同时Gregory方案又具有很清晰的物理图象—积云中的上升运动，下沉运动，环境中的补偿下沉运动，以及卷入，卷出和蒸发等；此外，Gregory方案用总体云群模式来描述云与环境的相互作用，比型积云参数化方案简单，它避开了型方案中云谱需要精确设置的麻烦问题，计算容易，简便；最后，Gregory方案在湿对流中适用于浅，深，中不同的对流深度，并且也适用于干对流过程。

Thirdly, fuzzy control method and PID method were used respectively to design temperature self-adjustment controller of carbon fiber concrete laminate beam,by the MATLAB simulation it is found that the PID method has higher speed but is more sensitive to the fluctuation of system parameter ,it is suit to the regulating when the heat transfer coefficient fluctuates diminutively and the structure has little heat transfer with the environment;fuzzy control can be adapt to the parameter variety in a large scale , it is suit to the regulating when the heat transfer coefficient fluctuates greatly.

分别采用PID和模糊控制策略设计了温差自调节控制器，通过MATLAB仿真研究得出：PID方式具有更快的调节速度，但对系统参数变化较敏感，适合系统与外界对流交换较微弱，对流参数波动不大时的调节；模糊控制能够适应系统参数在较大范围内的变化，适合对流参数波动较大时的调节。

In heat transfer experiment under ambient temperature and pressure, the profile of heat transfer coefficient, and its relation with injection flow rate and downcomer flow rate are investigated.

通过常温常压下传热实验，获得了反应堆压力容器内对流换热系数的分布，对流换热系数与安注流速和下降环腔流速的关系，含气率对对流换热系数的影响。

And we show that random walk model converges to the stable law of Lévy-Feller advection-dispersion equation by use of a properly scaled transition to vanish-ing space and time steps,We propose an explicit finite difference approximation for Lévy-Feller advection-dispersion equation.

第三章讨论描述服从某种稳定分布反常扩散的非对称空间分数阶对流-扩散方程——Lévy-Feller对流-扩散方程，首先利用Fourier变换和Laplace变换给出方程的基本解，然后利用Grünwald-Letnikov分数阶导数移位离散算子离散方程中的Riesz-Feller分数阶导数得到离散格式，证明此格式可以解释为离散随机游走模型，并且证明了当时间和空间步长以一定的比率同时趋于0时，所提出的离散随机游走模型收敛到Lévy-Feller对流-扩散过程的稳定分布。

The cases of strong and weak convection are selected based on the interannual variation of OLR. The different evolution characteristics of Qnet in this two cases also mostly owe to Qlat and Qsw. And Qnet should have some relation with OLR, because of their coherent variety that the increaser heat flux from the ocean to atmosphere relates to the enhanced convection.

Qnet在强、弱对流年间的差异随时间的变化同OLR在强、弱对流年间的差异随时间的变化可能有一定的相关性，表现在OLR 30-60天低频分量差异的负值区和Qnet差异的正值区基本一一相对应，表明大气从海洋得到的热量增加时，其上空的对流活动加强，数值上OLR和Qnet呈现较好的负相关性。

By means of the Schlieren technique,Schlieren images of the natural convection were taken in CO_2-ethanol absorption system.

利用纹影仪光学方法，获得了乙醇吸收CO2过程中自然对流的纹影图像；并通过吸收传质流体CFD模型，应用有限元方法对气液吸收过程中出现的自然对流发生过程进行了数值计算，得到了液相自然对流发生时的非稳态流场分布和浓度分布信息。

Based on the subcrustal mantle convection-generated stress field inversed by gravity anomalies, together with its relationship to the Cenozoic volcanism in the plateau, and the mechanism of crustal fracture formation, as well as the numerical results of the evolution of mantle convection beneath the plateau, this paper investigates the deep mechanical mechanism for the formation of a magma transportation channel in the Tibetan Plateau.

为了研究火山形成基本要素―岩浆运移通道的形成，基于重力异常反演的青藏高原下地壳底部的地幔对流应力场，结合地壳破裂形成机理和对流应力场与青藏高原新生代火山分布的关系，以及青藏高原下地幔对流演化的数值模拟结果，分析了高原火山岩浆运移通道产生的深部力学机制。

ACRT convection causes the concentration increasing near the symmetric axis of the crystal, but decreasing near the ampoule wall.

它们分别与近界面对流胞、中部对流胞和熔体顶部未受对流影响区域有大致相同的轴向尺度。

In this paper a two-dimension square model of convection heat transfer is adopted and Field Coordination Equation is verified by comparing the heat transfer efficiency of optimal velocity filed and other flow fields.

过增元11，2指出速度矢量与热流之间的夹角是影响对流换热整体性能的一个重要因素，并阐述了对流换热场协同的基本概念：对流换热强化要求速度场和温度场之间相互协同，即彼此存在着最为合理的空间分布。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。