对流

The formulae were determined to calculate the convection boundary condition of the gas shielded arc welding with forced convection.

确定了适用于有强制对流效果的气体保护焊的对流边界条件计算公式。

In order to improve the numerical stability during the solving of convection-dominated convection-diffusion problems, an upwinding local radial point interpolation method is proposed based on the local radial point interpolation method and the local upwinding weight function.

为提高对流扩散问题中对流项占优时的数值稳定性，采用局部上风式权函数，在局部径向基点插值无网格法基础上构建了上风式局部径向基点插值无网格法。

In order to deal with the numerical stability of convection dominated problems, using the local upwinding weight function, the upwinding local radial point interpolation method is proposed based on the local radial point interpolation method, and were then compared with those numerical results of the LRPIM.

为处理对流扩散问题中对流项占优时的数值稳定性问题，采用局部上风式权函数，在局部径向基点插值无网格法基础上构建了上风式局部径向基点插值无网格法。

Because the open chassis cover, the chassis will have lost before and after the convection, air flow will no longer be through accessories such as memory, the most suffering in front of the chassis and hard drive were lost convection, will make their home in the lower part of the circuit into a plate to the heat generated by an increase, and not just scattered and can not also be used to heating their own, especially the burner, the temperature will be much higher than usual.

因为开了机箱盖，机箱里将失去前后对流，空气流将不再经过内存等配件，最受苦的是机箱前面的光驱和硬盘们，失去了对流，将会使得他们位于下部的电路板产生的热量变成向上升，不单单散不掉，还用来加热自己，特别是刻录机，温度会比平时高很多。

The main contents of the present paper include: 1、The mechanism of fouling accumulation and the effects of fouling and slagging on boiler performance are analyzed. The model of fouling increasing is developed on the basis of sediment rate and denudation rate. The fouling monitoring models for boiler furnace and convective sections based on heat balance, the ones for air heater based on converted pressure difference are given. The implement results show that these models can reveal the cleanliness of boiler heat transfer surface. 2、The disadvantages of the model for boiler furnace fouling and slagging monitoring based on heat balance are discussed, and the calculation of radiant heat flux is considered as the primary difficulty.

主要包括以下内容： 1、分析了锅炉受热面污染形成的机理，从灰污的沉积率和剥蚀率角度出发，推导了受热面灰污增长的基本模型，分析了灰污热阻随积灰时间和烟气流速变化的规律，并通过大量现场试验，得到了沉积常数与时间常数的取值范围； 2、针对炉膛、对流受热面和空气预热器等不同受热面的传热特性，分别建立了基于热平衡和折算压差的污染在线监测模型，经实践验证，其监测结果能够满足现场工程应用的精度要求； 3、分析了基于热平衡原理的辐射、半辐射污染监测模型的不足之处，指出了机理模型因对炉内辐射换热量计算不准确，导致对以辐射换热为主的炉膛和以半辐射半对流的屏式过热器监测效果不够理想。

Results indicate that when the fiber is cooled in air(the heat transfer coefficient is 10 W·m-2·K-1),fiber lasers maximum output power is 105 W.

计算结果表明：自然对流的情况下，对流传热系数为10 W。 m-2.K-1时，光纤激光器的最大输出功率为105 W

To study the wet thermal protective performance of fabric for fire fighters wears, 4 kinds of fire-retardant multilayer fabric suitable for fire fighters wears were used as samples, and the thermal protective performance value of the sample fabrics were tested through thermal radiation and thermal convection integrated experiment under 5 kinds of wet state and required time leading to the second-degree burn. Different layer fabrics' thermal protective performance after absorbing water was compared.

为研究消防服用织物的湿态热防护性能，以4种适宜用作消防服装多层结构的面料为试样，通过热辐射和热对流综合热防护性能实验，测试织物在5种湿状态下热辐射和热对流综合热防护值TPP和二级烧伤时间，比较不同层面料吸湿后热防护性能的变化。

The severe storms on the squall line had large radar reflectivity and high tops of echoes. There was a divergence at lower level, a convergence at middle level, and a divergence at upper level in the velocity cross section of the squall. The VIL (Vertical Integrated Liquid water) of the storms increased rapidly to a large value, which is a good indictor of hailstorm. When the probability of severe hail is larger than 30% according to the hail index products, a hail storm is very likely to happen. The convergence line in the boundary can trigger and intensify convections.

结果表明：飑线是在有利的天气形势下发生的，飑线上强风暴的强度大、高度高；飑线速度剖面图中显示有低层辐散、中层辐合、高层辐散的特征；垂直累积液态水含量迅猛增加到比较大的数值对冰雹预报有很好的指示意义；在冰雹指数产品中以强冰雹概率大于30%作为冰雹预警门限则有较好的效果；边界层辐合线起到了触发对流和加强对流的作用。

Although the experimental temperature, concentration and vel...

研究表明，对于底部冷却的静态定向结晶过程，两相区低温稀溶液层的存在是形成双扩散对流的原因；双扩散对流的形成与发展造成液相区速度、温度和浓度呈盐指型分布，并促使两相区形成孔道流。

In section one, by using FICE scheme and TIME-GCM, a model of trace gases and OH airglow affected by gravity wave is set up, then the propagation of nonlinear gravity wave and the effect on trace gases and OH airglow are analyzed. The result shows gravity wave excited by tropospause forcing can propagate stably to the mesosphere through the stratosphere so that energy and momentum can be transferred from one region to another. In this process, gravity wave undergoes growth, overturning, convection and breaking. And the no-isothermal structure can accelerate the breaking of gravity wave in mesospause, and the breaking of gravity wave is an important source of convection and small-scale waves.

在第一部分的工作中，利用全隐欧拉格式和全球热层-电离层-中间层-电动力学环流耦合模式，对重力波的非线性传播及其在传播过程中对中高层大气中氧族和氢族成分和与之密切相关的OH气辉辐射的影响进行了数值模拟，结果表明，从对流层向上传播的重力波经历了产生、发展、饱和、对流产生直至破碎的非线性演化，大气的非等温结构加速了重力波在中层顶区的破碎，重力波的非线性传播是小尺度对流和湍流产生的一个重要的源。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。