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I will introduce a method to solve this problem when data come from some common life distribution, such as Weibull distribution and Lognormal distribution. In chapter 1, we introduce background of grouped data and how to analyze them with classical methods. In chapter 2, we introduce EM algorithm and show that the estimation of the parameters get through this algorithm is convergent under certain conditions. In chapter 3, we use EM algorithm to estimate parameters in Weibull distribution and Lognormal distribution by grouped data and the simulation shows this method is available.

第一章首先介绍分组数据问题的背景以及如何利用经典的统计方法对分组数据进行分析，并指出分析过程中所遇到的困难；第二章将介绍一种处理不完全数据时的常用算法，EM算法，并说明利用这种算法所得到的估计具有良好的收敛性；第三章将利用EM算法对基于分组数据的威布尔分布和对数正态分布进行参数估计，并进行模拟表明此方法的可行性与有效性。

Generalized linear models, which can model a large variety of data, have a wide area of application. The class of GLMs includes, as special cases, linear regression, analysis-of-variance models, log-linear models for the analysis of contingency tables, logistic models for binary data in the form of proportions and many others. Usually, the parameters in the generalized linear models are estimated by the method of maximum likelihood . But, in the literature, the nonrobustness of the maximum likelihood estimator forβhas been studied extensively. The quasi-likelihood estimator of the parameter of the generalized linear model shares the same non-robustness properties.

广义线性模型，可用于对多种类型的数据进行建模，是应用非常广泛的模型，线性回归模型、方差分析模型、用于列联表分析的对数线性模型和逻辑斯谛模型等都是广义线性模型的特例，通常，我们用极大似然的方法估计广义线性模型中的参数，但是，在文献中，对参数β的极大似然估计的非稳健性已经有了广泛的研究，广义线性模型的拟似然估计也显示了非稳健性。

The results showed that the bacteria B7 came into the logarithmic growth phase for 5 h culture. Both the fermentation liquid and its filtration could inhibit C. colhounii effectively, and the fermentation of dilution l0 times also showed significant differences compared with the control. The inhibiting effect of its fermentation media filtration was even more significant in the optimizing test, with the maximal inhibition rate of 100%. The best fermentation condition was 0.5% glucose, 0.1% ammonium muriate, without extra mineral, pH 5.4, temperature 28℃. Based on the morphological properties and 16S rRNA sequence, the bacterium B7 was identified as the Bacillus subtilis.

结果表明，该菌体在培养了5h后即进入对数生长期；B7细菌的发酵液原液和无菌滤液均能抑制病原菌的生长，其中发酵液原液的10^3稀释液的抑菌效果仍与对照之间存在显著的差异；发酵条件优化试验中发现该细菌的无菌滤液最大抑菌率达100%，最佳发酵条件为葡萄糖0.5%、氯化钱0.1%、不加无机盐、pH5.4，温度28℃；结合形态学特征和16S rRNA的序列分析，将该菌株鉴定为枯草芽孢杆菌。

In this paper,using the measured rate constant and native structure for a set of 22 small two-state proteins,discuss the rule of changing between the two parameters of the contacts and correlation of natural logarithm of the experimental folding rates and number of native contact.

在这篇论文里，以折叠速率和天然结构已知的22个两态小蛋白质作为研究对象，讨论了蛋白质的折叠速率的对数与其基于结构的天然接触数之间的相关性随"接触"定义中两参数的变化而变化的规律。

If under ideal conditions, one electron-hole pair injected yields one blue photon and the quantum efficiency of the phosphor equals one, the numbers of electron-hole pair must equal to the numbers of white photons. So LW white LED radiation power output has to consume 1.51 W electric powers and the luminous flux efficiency limitation of electrical to optical conversion for the white LED is 197.8lm/W at above condition.

在理想情况下，注入一个电子－孔穴对产生一个蓝光光子，设荧光粉的量子效率为1，因此，注入的电子－孔穴对数亦等于白光光子数，进而计算出白光LED每辐射1W的光功率所需的电功率为1.51W，上述白光LED发光光谱对应的白光LED的电－光转换的理论极限流明效率为197.8lm/W。

The result showed that the luminous flux for LW white LED radiation power output is 298.7 lm and the total photons are 2.7×1018. If under ideal conditions, one electron-hole pair injected yields one blue photon and the quantum efficiency of the phosphor equals one, the numbers of electron-hole pair must equal to the numbers of white photons.

在理想情况下，注入一个电子-孔穴对产生一个蓝光光子，设荧光粉的量子效率为1，因此，注入的电子-孔穴对数亦等于白光光子数，进而计算出白光LED每辐射1 W的光功率所需的电功率为1.51 W，上述白光LED发光光谱对应的白光LED的电-光转换的理论极限流明效率为197.8 lm/W。

The solutions were found to be good agrees with experimental results. The transfer characteristic of air dry/wet bulb temperature and spraying water temperature were discussed. The LMTD method based on this mathematical model is applicable to design and verify for the plate wet air cooler. The ratio of the wet bulb heat transfer coefficient to the heat transfer coefficient under air-cooled conditions was investigated theoretically and experimentally. The relative errors of the ratio between theoretical and experimental valves are small than 7 percent.

分别得到了平行流型式微分方程组的解析解与交叉流型式的近似解析解，实验验证了该解析解具有较高的计算精度；探讨了空气干湿球温度与喷淋水温的迁移特性；分析得到基于湿球温度迁移模型的对数平均温差法在湿式空冷器的设计与校核计算中是适用的，给出了空气湿球换热系数与空冷时空气对流换热系数比值的理论与实验确定方法，比值系数理论值与实验值比较最大相对误差小于7％。

Main results were as follows:(1) The number of wild animals and plants species protected in reserves increased logarithmically with the increase of nature reserves.

研究结果如下：通过回归分析发现，随着自然保护区的增加，受保护的野生动物物种总数呈现对数增长的趋势，由此得到西南地区受保护的野生脊椎动物物种总数为2426种，为我国野生脊椎动物物种总数6347种的38.2%；西南地区受保护的野生高等植物物种总数为20965种，是我国野生高等植物物种总数30000多种的近70%。

When reached logarithm growth phase, it was poured or the medium was removed. 5 mL medium containing 10 mg/L mitocin-C was added , kept at 37 ℃, and then cultured in saturated humidity warm box with the CO2 of 0.05 fraction volume for 2 or 3 hours. It was coated with 0.1% gelatin in 6-hole plate, laid for over 30 minutes, and then threw away or the medium with mitocin-C was removed, washed with phosptat buffer for 5 times so as to remove the mitocin-C. 2 mL 0.05% trypsin digestive cells were added, and it was observed under microscope. When crevice appeared, cells became round (about 2－4 minutes), digestion was stopped by adding medium of the same volume, and blew up with straws repetitively to make it into monoplast suspension. Special-used cover glass was put in the center of cell counting chamber. Cells were sucked in by glass siphon, and cell suspension flew out at bucket of up or down-sides of counting chamber, until the cover glass was filled with fluid. Living cell were inoculated at concentrations of 3×108, 5×108, 1×109 L－1 after their number counted.

选取2～5代的小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞，待其至对数生长期倒掉或吸掉培养基，加入含10 mg/L丝裂霉素C的细胞全培养液5 mL，置37 ℃，体积分数0.05的CO2饱和湿度温箱中培养二三小时，在6孔板中加入0.1%明胶包被，放置30 min以上，倒掉或吸掉含丝裂霉素C的培养基，磷酸盐缓冲液清洗5遍，尽量除去丝裂霉素C，加入2 mL 0.05%的胰蛋白酶消化细胞，镜下观察，当细胞间出现裂隙，细胞变圆时（约2～4 min），立即加入等量的全培养液终止消化，并用吸管反复吹打，使之成为单细胞悬液，在细胞计数板中央放置专用的盖玻片，用玻璃虹吸管吸取细胞，让虹吸管在盖玻片上或下侧的计数板凹槽处流出悬液，至盖玻片下被液体充满为止。

Quantum chemical CNDO/2 method has been performed to study 20 chloranlines on the electronic structure in order to analyze their toxicities to Photobacterium Phosphoreum. The correlation analysis and the step regression analysis are put in use in this paper.

研究氯苯胺类化合物的电子结构与发光菌毒性的关系，应用CNDO/2量子化学方法计算了20个氯苯胺类化合物的电子结构，探讨了发光菌在5、15、30 min时间内的半抑制浓度的负对数P(5-EC50)、P(15-EC50)、P(30-EC50)与化合物的电子结构的关系。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。