对数分布

Pseudo-random multi-frequency signal is invented and named by academician He Jishan. The bandwidth of PRMF signal is controllable, it's energy concentrates on several frequencies, which are equally spaced on log scale coordinates.

何继善院士发明和命名的伪随机多频信号，由于其带宽可控，能量主要集中在数个在对数坐标上呈等间距分布的频率上，是电法勘探的理想场源。

Pseudo-random multi-frequency signal is invented and named by academician He Jishan. The bandwidth of PRMF signal is controllable, it's energy concentrates on several frequencies, which are equally spaced on log scale coordinates. It is ideal excitation source for electrical exploration.

中文题名伪随机多频电磁法观测系统研究副题名外文题名 The study on pseudo-random multi-frequency electromagnetic prospecting system 论文作者陈儒军导师何继善学科专业地球探测与信息技术研究领域\研究方向学位级别博士学位授予单位中南大学学位授予日期2003 论文页码总数165页关键词电法勘探电磁法伪随机多频信号馆藏号BSLW /2003 /P631.3 /4 伪随机多频信号由何继善院士发明和命名，该信号带宽可控，其能量集中在数个在对数坐标上呈等间距分布的频率上，是电法勘探的理想场源。

Chapter one of this text has recommended the foreign insurance to apply financial economy to the products pricing method of insurance company, but these methods have not explained how to determine the fair premium of the multiple-line insurance company .In order to solve many business line insurance company pricing problem, chapter two introduce an very important model in insurance company capital allocation field - MR capital allocation model, through deriving capital allocation formula and simulation analysis indicate MR model allocate multiple- line insurance company capital scientifically. In order to apply MR model to non-life insurance pricing, chapter three will extend MR model to introduce loss 3 and layer P . Since the premise of MR model is a certain market price of loss, the chapter four will use the risk-neutral probability transformation technique to get the market value of loss. Under lognormal distribution, we will use location parameter shift and proportional PH transformation to illuminate the technique. The final chapter combines the prior sections result to deduce out the fair premium formula, and apply it to price the catastrophe insurance.

本文的第一章介绍了国外保险业将财务经济学应用到保险公司产品定价的方法，但是这些方法都没有说明如何确定多业务线保险公司的公平保费；为了解决多业务线保险公司定价问题，第二章引入保险公司资本配置领域非常重要的一个模型—MR资本配置模型，通过推导资本配置公式及模拟分析表明MR模型科学地配置了多业务线公司的资本；为了将MR模型应用到非寿险公司的定价中去第三章扩展了MR模型，引入了损失β和层β的概念：由于MR模型的前提条件是有一个确定的损失市场价值，第四章利用风险中性转化方法获得损失的市场价值，在损失为对数正态分布的条件下，通过位置参数转化和比例危险转化方法给出了实例说明；第五章结合前几章的结果给出非寿险公司公平保费的定价公式，并运用它给出了巨灾保险价格的模拟分析。

On the assumption that investment funds follow lognormal distribution, the reinsurance pricing question affected by investment gains is discussed from the reinsurers' angle.

从再保险人的立场出发，在投资基金服从对数正态分布的假定下，讨论了在投资收益影响下的再保险保费定价问题。

In order to improve the effects of flume on its flow pattern at the tail gate,through analyzing of the influence of several commonly-used tail gates upon their flow patterns at their tail segments, and combining the formula of logarithm velocity distribution and that of free discharge from small orifices, a formula of calculating orifice diameter in a new inclined dragging tail gate is deduced.

为了改善水槽尾门对水槽尾部流态的影响，从几种常用水槽尾门对流态影响的分析入手，结合明渠流速分布对数公式和小孔口自由出流公式，并根据分层来流量与孔口出流量相等的原则，推导出一种新型斜拉孔板尾门开设孔径的计算公式。

Following the theory of slip line field , the area is divided into five sections and the distributing situation of the slip line in each section is analysed.

通过对方盒形件塑性变形过程的分析及变形区域内的变形应力分析，采用滑移线场理论的分析方法，把变形区划分为Ⅰ～Ⅴ区域并分析了这些区域的滑移线分布情况，导出了对数螺线的基圆半径和基圆中心位置及力学模型，为方盒形件的毛坯尺寸的确定提供了依据。

The crystal thickness distribution of illite fundamental particle submit to the lognormal-type distribution which maximum value is 10.5nm.

伊利石单元粒子的厚度分布服从对数正态型，其峰值为10.5nm。

At the same time, pattern recognition has been used for abstracting characteristics、predicting the life and evaluating the properties of engine. This research contributes toward global diagnosis for the diesel engine in eight ways.(1) Put forward"the Arithmetic of distinguish the period automatically using auto-correlation method";(2) Separate the waves of continuous knocks using WV distribution;(3) Propose"the logarithmic spectrum approximate method"to analysis the response of the knock between the steel and steel;(4) Discuss the relationship between the time-frequency distribution and timescale distribution in detail, and give the principle of classification;(5) Use the wavelet method to analysis the pressure signal of exhaust、suction;(6) Use the shape of vibration signal to analyse the working situation of cylinder;(7) Use the pattern recognition to select the good samples and abstract the effective characteristics;(8) Develop the model of total properties evaluation and life prediction.

本文在广泛的、深入研究的基础上，应用多种信号处理手段来分析处理数据，同时利用模式识别方法对故障的特征提取、寿命预测以及性能评价作了探讨，本文进行了以下几项工作：（1）提出了基于自相关自动周期识别算法的柴油机振动信号预处理策略；（2）提出了基于WVD分布的连续撞击响应信号的分离策略；（3）提出了基于对数谱拟合方法的钢—钢撞击响应求解模型；（4）提出了基于波形分析的非正常燃烧振动信号的诊断模型；（5）提出了基于小波细节信息的进气压力信号和曲轴箱压力信号的诊断模型；（6）提出了基于小波近似的喷油正时信号中燃烧位置的自动定位；（7）提出了基于统计模式识别方法的故障诊断知识的自学习与自组织策略；（8）提出了基于特征压缩思想的柴油机总体性能评价及寿命预测模型。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。