对数

It is found that water velocity vertical distribution under ice-cover is influenced mainly by the relative size of channel roughness and ice-cover roughness, less by the water depth and not sensitive to the variation of Reynold number as well, which is relatively uniform in the flow core and deviates from the logarithmic law.

结果表明：冰盖下水流流速垂向分布主要受床面与冰盖粗糙度的相对大小影响，受水深影响较小，对雷诺数变化并不敏感；在流动核心部分分布较为均匀，并不遵循对数分布规律。

The mean velocity distributions in turbulent boundary layers of smooth surface and two different riblet surfaces are measured with IFA300 constant-temperature anemometer in low-speed wind tunnel to validate the full development of turbulent boundary laye. Friction velocity and wall friction stress of turbulent boundary layer are obtained with the least-squares fitted curve of the sublayer velocity distribution based on Spalding formula, and virtual origin position of riblet surface can be acquired accurately.

在低速风洞中来流速度一定的情况下使用IFA300恒温热线风速仪测量了光滑表面和两种不同尺寸的脊状表面湍流边界层平均速度分布剖面，并验证了试验段湍流发展的充分性；通过应用Spalding壁面公式使用最小二乘法精准拟合了实验测量的边界层内层速度分布曲线，得到了湍流边界层壁面摩擦速度并进一步求得湍流壁面摩擦应力，较准确地计算出脊状表面的虚拟原点位置，并通过与对数律公式拟合结果比较分析，证实了该方法更加准确有效。

The round-trip time delay of different distance, time and packet size is gathered to obtain a statistical model of Internet communication line. Results of the data show the round-trip time delay of Internet approximately belongs to one of the exponent, al, normal or logarithm-normal distribution.

通过对不同传输距离、传输时间段与数据包大小等条件下传输时延的统计得出Internet通讯模块的双向传输时延近似符合指数、正态或对数正态分布中的统计模型。

The multiple corresponding analysis is suitable for correlation analysis of big sample categorical variable.

对于中医研究中常见的无序多分类或二分类变量，要同时研究它们之间的联系，用多重对应分析在结果的直观性和可解释性方面优于对数线性模型。

Further, considered the considerable uncertainty of current sample variance, a reliability estimation method based on t-distribution theory and empirical logarithmic standard deviation is proposed.

进一步考虑到工程实际中当次可靠性试验的样本方差具有较大不确定性的因素，提出了基于对数标准差经验值的t分布可靠性评估方法。

Methods At first, the relationship of linear or non-linear between dependent X and independent Y in original data can be distinguished by scatter diagram which can be made through Excel software.

方法通过利用Excel可绘制散点图的功能，了解原始数据自变量X和因变量Y间的线性与非线性关系，并由自变量X和因变量Y的自然对数转换后的散点图的情况，决定采用何种曲线拟合。

Methods At first, the relationship of linear or non-linear between dependent X and independent Y in original data can be distinguished by scatter diagram which can be made through Excel software. The scatter diagram of log- arithmic transformation between dependent X and / or independent Y decides which curve to be fitted.

通过利用Excel可绘制散点图的功能，了解原始数据自变量X和因变量Y间的线性与非线性关系，并由自变量X和因变量Y的自然对数转换后的散点图的情况，决定采用何种曲线拟合。

A magnitude 8.7 earthquake is 794 times BIGGER on a seismogram than a magnitude 5.8 earthquake.

译：8.7级地震在地震记录仪上比5.8级大794倍，震级是用对数计算出来的，计算如下

Ion-selective electrode ; Semilogarithmic graph ; ISE analysis ; Fluoride ; Environmental monitoring

离子选择性电极；半对数图解；离子选择性电极分析法；氟；环境监测

In the sequential density evolution analysis, we obtain the calculation expression of information density evolution by analyzing the probability measure based on the log likelihood ratio measurement.

在连续密度进化中，使用基于对数似然比量度上的概率测度进行分析，获得了消息密度进化的计算表达式。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。