对数

By showing that the equivalence is satisfied,the prover convinced the verifier of the presence of the watermark.

在计算离散对数困难的假定下，协议没有泄漏任何敏感信息并且被证明是零知识的。

The first kind of the digital signature schemes is based on the discrete logarithm problem and second kind of the digital signature scheme is based on discrete logarithm and factorization problem, the third kind of the digital signature schemes is based on quadratic residue problem.

本文第一章对数字签名方案进行分类，根据数字签名方案所基于的数学问题，将签名方案分为：基于离散对数问题的数字签名方案，基于素因子分解问题的数字签名方案和基于二次剩余问题的签名方案。

In this paper,a forward-secure threshold signature scheme based on the Asmuth－Bloom threshold scheme is proposed.Its security is based on the difficulty of solving discrete logarithm in finite field and quadratic residue on some special conditions.

基于Asmuth－Bloom门限方案，设计了一种新的前向安全的门限签名方案，其安全性基于有限域上求解离散对数的困难性和在特定条件下求解二次剩余问题的困难性。

Some improved digital blind signature schemes, in security and efficiency, based on integer factorization, quadratic residue, and discrete logarithm cryptosystems are also be presented in this dissertation.

本论文亦针对现有各种植基於整数分解、二次剩余以及离散对数之盲签章机制，提出一些在安全上和效率上的改善方法。

A method to establish the relationship between temperature and viscosity, which is high precision and simple operation, was presented, and the empirical formula of more than 10 species lubricants kinematic viscosity, expressed by quartic polynomial of logarithm of absolute temperature, was described.

提出了一种精度高、操作简便的润滑油温度—粘度关系式的建立方法，给出了用绝对温度的对数的四次多项式表示的十余种润滑油运动粘度经验公式。

Let's get to the key results of the study, but first, a quick comment on what this study is and is not: It is a preliminary study of several dozen people conducted in San Francisco.

我们直入主题，来看看研究的关键结果。但必须先解释一下本研究"是什么"和"不是什么"的问题：它是在旧金山对数十名受测者进行的初步研究。

Bacterial communityobtained energy through this process, pH=5-8 was suitable for the growth of the community,while pH 5.8-6.4 and 7.0-7.4 was suitable for stable quinone reduction.

考察其生长特性，结果发现染料KE-3B及AQDS浓度的增加对对数生长期菌群的生长有一定的促进作用。

Species-pairs were positive correlation,including 10 species-pairs were higher significant positive correlation and 24 speciespairs were significant positive correlation, and 263 species-pairs were negative correlation, including 8 species-pairs were higher significant negative correlation and 28 species-pairs were significant negative correlation, which were tested by Spearman＇ s rank correlation coefficient.

正负相关比为0.7643，显著种对占总对数的15.05%，群落优势种种间多呈不显著关联。2）按照31个建群种和优势种对环境的适应方式和主导生态因素，它们被划分为2个生态种组：芦苇组和早熟禾组。3）关帝山撂荒地植物群落以退耕还林的先锋物种为主，表明植物群落处于森林植被恢复的初期演替阶段。

It shows that pair number of assignment eigenstructure"eigenvalue eigenvector" is less than or equal to rank of matrix E

研究表明：可配置特征结构的"特征值－特征向量"对数不超过阵

Analytical variance of the estimation declines linearly by increasing the bit signal-to-noise ratio for the proposed channel estimator.

理论分析结果表明，该算法的对数估计方差随比特信噪比的增加而线性减小。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。