对抗病

The results showed the resistance was controlled by at least two pairs of genes, and was incompletely recessive. Effect of backcross was very significant and that of reciprocal cross was not. Resistance was dominated by nuclear genes, narrow inheritability was comparatively high. The resistance was in keeping with additive-dominance model, and dominance was dominating, and showed a quantitative character.

结果表明：苦瓜对白粉病的抗性受两对以上基因控制，两对主基因抗病相对感病为不完全隐性，回交效应极显著，正反交效应差异不显著，抗病性主要受核基因控制，两对主基因的狭义遗传力较高，符合加性－显性模型，加性效应较大，抗性效应在亲本和F1间存在极显著正相关，表现为数量性状遗传的特点。

There was big difference among the 22 different materials in the disease resistance. Translocation lines Pm97033 showed the highest resistance in reaction than others. The percentage of diseased root and severed level were 11.3% and 5.4%; substitution lines Wan7107 showed medium resistance to the fungus, the percentage of diseased root and severity level were 21.4% and 10.6%; F5 generation of common wheat with Till showed higher resistance to take-all fungus than the PS progenies of common wheat with Aegilops tauschii or the other common wheat varieties.

菌饼＋菌粒法对宁春4号的致病力明显高于菌饼法和菌粒法，其病根率、严重度和病茎率分别达到100.0%，57.3%和28.6%。22个遗传背景不同的小麦材料间抗病性差异较大，其中小麦－簇毛麦易位系Pm97033的抗病性最强，病根率和严重度分别为11.3%和5.4%；代换系Wan7107次之，病根率和严重度分别为21.4%和10.6%；硬粒小麦－簇毛麦双二倍体(TH1)与普通小麦品种杂交后代的抗病性强于粗山羊草与普通小麦品种杂交后代。

Cotyledon inoculation method was used to estimate infection rate and to screen resistant and susceptive cultivars of water spinach to white rust (albugo ipomoeae-aquaticae). the results of resistance screening are (1) levels of resistance were not the same among cultivars.

利用子叶感染法，计算感病率来分辨蕹菜品系对於蕹菜白锈菌(white rust， albugo ipomoeae-aquaticae)之抗病能力的实验结果显示：(1)蕹菜对於白锈病的抗病能力随品系而异。

Libellula had different resistance to different races and Xiannong 4 was susceptible to all the races except CY18 and CY22. Resistant components had significant variances among different cultivars, races and cultivar×race. And Libellula had strong selection on different races, while the selection of Xiannong 4 was weaker than that of Libellula.

里勃留拉的抗性谱较宽，抗病性在小种间差异明显，而咸农4号对除CY18、CY22外的小种均感病；两者的抗病性组分在品种间、小种间以及品种×小种互作时均有显著差异；里勃留拉对不同菌系有较强的选择作用，而咸农4号的选择作用较弱。

To determine the chromosomic location of genes, material of monosomic Chinese Spring was applied, XiaoYan6 was crossed with Ming xian169 and F3 lines were obtained from self-pollinated monosomic F2 plants.

结果表明，小偃6号对菌系CY29-mut3、CY31和Su-4的抗病性由1显1隐两对基因独立遗传控制；对菌系CY30和CY32的抗病性由2对互补显性基因控制。

And then, Plasmodiophora brassicae were inoculated on transformed roots and transformed plants respectively for identification and screening of club root disease-resistant transformants.

根据转化体上根肿病的发病程度，评价不同转化系对根肿病的抗病性表现以及抗病转化系的抗病机理。

In Ya'an, six QTL conferring Fusarium moniliforme ear rot resistance on chromosomes 2, 3, 4, 6, and 9 were detected and explained 8.3%-25.7% of the phenotypic variance; while in Mianyang, four QTL were identified on chromosomes 1, 6, 7, and 9 that accounted for 11.3%-26.4% of the total phenotypic variance.

用已构建的包括88个AFLP标记和151个SSR标记的遗传图谱和230个F2植株用于抗病QTL定位研究，在四川雅安、绵阳对F2株系进行抗病性鉴定，采用复合区间定位法进行抗病QTL检测。

The objectives of the research were to screen molecular markers of sorghum resistant gene to the physiological strain No.3 of head smut with SSR. Bulked Segregation Analysis was applied in the study. Two segregation populations, restorer line population R population 2381R/Aisi and maintain line population Tx622B/7050B, were used in the research. The amplification bands of 94 pairs primers from 109 ones were clear and stable.

为了筛选高粱丝黑穗病抗病基因的SSR标记，以高粱抗病亲本(7050B、2381R)和感病亲本（Tx622B、矮四），及其杂交组合后代为材料，用CTAB法从叶片中提取高粱基因组DNA，通过SSR技术对高粱丝黑穗病3号生理小种抗性基因进行了初步筛选，结果表明：供试109对SSR引物中筛选出扩增条带清晰且稳定的引物94对。

Three wheat spindle streak mosaic viruses resistant cultivars ('Yining Xiaomai', 'Xu87-633', and 'Xifeng') and one susceptible cultivar ('Zhen9523') were used as parents of 3 crosses in this experiment. WSSMV resistance of the parents, F1, and F2 was evaluated under field condition.

选用3个抗梭条花叶病的小麦品种&仪宁小麦&、&徐87-633&和&西风&为抗病亲本、以感病品种&镇9523&为感病亲本配制了三个杂交组合，对四个亲本及其杂种后代（F1及F2代）单株的田间抗病鉴定表明，三个抗病亲本的抗性均由核基因控制，为显性遗传方式。

Biological characteristics of the pathogen and the resistance of 13 cultivars of tea plant to tea brown blight were studied by means of natural infection in the field and artificial inoculation in vitro. Resistant cultivars and susceptible cultivars of tea plant were divided. And the resistance mechanism was researched tentatively. The findings are as follows: 1 Some biological characteristics of the pathogenic fungus The experiment result showed: the optimum temperature for the growth of fungus mycelium was from 24 to 27℃, the optimum temperature for sporulation ranged 22 to 30℃. Treated at 54℃ in 10 minutes, the spores didn't germinate. The optimum pH for the growth of the mycelium was 5.1～5.9, the optimum pH for sporulation ranged 5.0～6.0. Light had no much effect on the growth of fungus mycelium, but had much effect on the reproduction of the spore.

首先，研究了茶云纹叶枯病病菌的生物学特性；其次，通过田间抗性调查和室内人工接种鉴定，对 13 个茶树品种进行了抗病性鉴定；第三，在前人研究的基础上，对茶树抗病机理作了更深入的研究，结果发现： 1 病原菌的生物学特性病原菌的分生孢子萌发的最适温度范围为 24～27℃，菌丝生长的最适温度范围为 22～30℃；致死温度为 55℃；菌丝生长的最适 pH 范围为 5.1～5.9，孢子萌发的最适 pH 范围是 5.0～6.0；光照对病菌生长速度及分生孢子萌发影响不大，但对其产孢的影响很大，特别是有光照与无光照处理之间差异显著，光照有利于分生孢子的形成。

The basic concept of FOP can be summarized as to further optimize effective prescription according to the standard of curative effects and with the aid of modern science and technology and theories of traditional Chinese medicine.

其基本内涵可概括为：以确有疗效的中药复方为研究对象，以现代科学技术和传统中医药理论为技术支持，以该复方所治病证的药效响应为评价标准，以优化重组疗效更优的新复方为研究目的。

Ever since our world has been a world, native forests have been indiscriminately exploited by man.

自从我们的世界一直是世界原生森林被任意剥削人。