对圆的

And linking the principle of choosing computer visual inspection system hardware, the paper constructs hardware structure of visual inspection system, and develops measure software of thread geometry parameter and applies all above research results to quantificationally measure geometry parameters such as half angle of thread, coning and pitch of conical joint screw thread of graphite electrode, at last educes influencing expressions of the shelter of lead angle to half angle of thread change, it establishes theory base for error amendment.

论述了微小零件尺寸及形状误差的常用测量方法，提出了将视觉检测技术应用到微小零件尺寸及形状误差的测量中，构建了视觉检测系统的硬件结构，开发了相应的测量软件，应用第三章介绍的各种边缘检测方法对传动用滚子链链板进行了边缘检测对比实验，找出适合的边缘检测方法，并应用上述各章的研究结果对传动用滚子链链板节距以及圆形零件的圆度误差进行了测量。

The phase of optical wave can be recovered by the intensity transport equation under the paraxial approximation For the optical system with diffraction limit, it is difficult to get the boundary radical slope of phase and sample in the circular domain boundary when using the intensity transport equation to recover the phase, consequently, we reviewed an algorithm mentioned in the reference ［4］, namely, the equation, computation domain and boundary condition are changed, then the phase is reconstructed by the multigrid method and corrected at last Moreover, the experiment system is set to testify the algorithm, and the recovered phase from the intensity data detected by CCD is compared with the result from phase retrieval algorithm, it is found that the phase reconstruction error can reach 017 λ in the case of non-uniform intensity distribution, as a result, the method is suitable for the phase recovery with low wavefront sensing accuracy.

在傍轴近似条件下，可以利用光强传播方程对畸变波前进行相位恢复。对于衍射受限的光学系统，很难获得相位的边界径向斜率值作为边界条件，此外，要获得精确的圆域边界采样值也并非易事。为了克服上述困难，进一步研究了相位恢复改进方法，即改变了方程的表示形式、计算区域和边界条件，并用多重网格法进行求解获得重构相位，最后再将其修正。为了验证算法的精确性，搭建了实验系统对算法进行实验验证，将由CCD探测的光强分布进行计算得到的相位分布与相位恢复算法的结果进行比较，证明在光强分布非均匀的情况下，该方法恢复的相位均方根误差能够达到017 λ，可以适用于波前传感精度要求不是很高的相位恢复。标签自适应光学相位恢复相位修正光强传播方程 adaptive optics phase retrieval phase correction intensity transport equation

Then the pile-soil stress characteristics and stabilizing mechanism of the composite foundation are fully discussed. Based on the close analysis of the influence factors of the vertical bearing capacity, circular aperture extension theory is employed to establish the computing formulas for the pile vertical stress and the foundation vertical bearing capacity, respectively. Moreover, with analyzing the features of the calculation parameters such as materials of gunite mortar, jet pressure, diameter of the jet pipe, pile length, pile layout, a design theory for chemical churning pile composite foundation is proposed. Then, the variation of the pipe deformation with loads, the deformation coordination of pile and soil are studied. And methods to decide pile-soil stress ratio and the compressive modulus are developed. Meanwhile, the corresponding design method and the design parameters are proposed. In addition, studies for construction technique and quality detection of the chemical churning pile composite foundation are presented.

在此基础上深入探讨了旋喷桩的桩土受力特性及其复合地基的加固机理，从影响旋喷桩复合地基竖向承载力的因素入手，基于圆孔扩张理论给出了桩体竖向应力及旋喷桩复合地基的竖向承载力计算公式；通过对喷射浆液、喷射压力选取、喷射直径估算、桩长及桩位设计等各种计算参数的深入分析和研究，提出了一套相应的旋喷桩复合地基设计计算方法；通过计算分析，深入探讨了旋喷桩复合地基变形随荷载变化规律、桩和桩间土变形协调关系、桩土应力比及复合地基压缩模量的确定，并提出相应的设计方法和修正参数；此外，结合工程应用，对旋喷桩复合地基的施工技术及其现场质量检测方法进行了较全面的探讨。

Based on Prandtl's momentum transportation, this paper calculates in detail the physical quantities such as eddy viscosities, and ratio of eddy viscosity to motion viscosity, total stresses with respect to relative position in three regions of viscous sub-layer, buffer layer, and main turbulent stream for non-Newtonian fluid flowing turbulently in ducts, which according to Karman's three layer models and measurement of fluid parameters in evaluation apparatus, discusses the influence of polymer drag reduction on flowing properties of non-Newton fluid, analyzes quantitatively principle of turbulent reduction phenomenon and condition of increasing reduction rate.

摘要以普兰德动量传递理论为基础，按照卡门的三层模型，通过室内模拟环道用0号柴油及加入减阻剂在圆管内的流动参数的测定，计算了非牛顿型流体管内湍流边界层的层流内层、过渡层、湍流中心的涡流粘度，涡流粘度与运动粘度比、总应力随相对位置的变化等定量参数，探讨了高分子减阻剂对非牛顿流体流动特性的影响，对湍流减阻现象的机理与增大减阻率的条件进行了定量分析。

A suit of software used for boiler's cold and hot tests is developed by EXCEL 2000 and VB6.0, which can process all the data and cartography during the tests. The software can print test report in a certain extent. Many universal ActiveX control and Class are developed. The experiences on the software are summed up. At last, the direction of the software's development used for boilers' tests is forecasted.

依据试验原理与方法，以 Excel 2000和 VB6.0为开发工具，开发了一套针对四角切圆燃烧锅炉的冷、热态性能试验通用计算软件，该软件能够完成试验过程中所有数据的处理和图表、曲线的绘制，并具有一定的报告自动打印功能；制作了可通用的 ActiveX 控件和类，并对软件开发的经验进行了总结；最后，对锅炉性能试验软件的未来发展趋势进行了展望。

Twenty three species belonging to 8 tribes 19 genera of the subfamily were involved, and eight species of eight genera belonging to six subfamilies of Braconidae were used as outgroups with Rogadinae, Braconinae and Doryctinae usd as "root" to testify the monophyletic nature of the subfamily. Four new DNA sequences of D2 region of 28S ribosomal were amplified and submited to GenBank. Forty one characters of morphology were selected and analyzed in a cladistic manner.

利用&圆口类&的内茧蜂亚科Rogadinae、茧蜂亚科Braconinae、矛茧蜂亚科Doryctinae的3个亚科为根，以PAUP4.0和MrBayes3.0B4软件分别应用最大简约法和贝叶斯法对优茧蜂亚科的分子数据和分子数据与非分子数据的结合体进行了分析；并以PAUP4.0对优茧蜂亚科的28S rDNA D2基因序列的片段的碱基组成与碱基替代情况进行了分析。

And finally, the solution of the problem can be reduced to a series of algebraic equations and solved numerically by truncating the finite terms of the infinite algebraic equations.

该问题的解答，可以应用移动坐标的方法逐个满足各个圆孔上的边界条件，因此，最终又可归结为对一组无穷代数方程组的求解，可利用截断有限项的方法对其进行计算。

Based on solidification theory and analysis of process of Aluminum alloy Direct Chill casting, the control system of DC casting for big size billet has been designed. For improving the quality of billet-optimized control strategy of cooling water must be determined to eliminate the instability of the traditional feedforward control, PID control and cascade control have been introduced.

通过对铝合金DC铸造工艺过程的分析，建立了铝合金DC铸造的控制系统；在分析DC铸造铸锭结晶凝固原理的基础上，完成了冷却水量自动控制的系统设计，并进行了控制策略的选择；基于对铝合金直接水冷铸造，DC凝固原理和工艺过程的分析，本文提出了大尺寸铝合金圆锭铸造的控制系统设计方案。

By the use of Circling cluster and Envlopment theory and flat surface sit-mark transformation theory, the chain wheel tooth equation of roller chain at high speed to match conjugage engagement is deduced.Establishing chain speed equation of roller chain at high speed,based on the analysis of the speed curves between roller chain at high speed and common roller chain,good drive of roller chain at high speed is verificated theoretically.By a example that move distance from transverse vibration between roller chain at high speed and common roller chain is contrasted,the accuracy of those theories that the paper brings up and higher functions of roller chain at high speed is proved.Finally, Establishing conjugage engagement line equation of roller chain at high speed and analyzing the complete engagement zone, the chain wheel tooth curve equation is studied at a higher degree. At the same time,the lack's place of the research result is pointed out.

依据高速滚子链设计要求与H_y-V_0齿形链的研究，阐述了滚子链传动实现准共轭啮合理论可能性；利用圆族包络法结合平面坐标变换理论推导出了满足共轭啮合的高速滚子链的链轮齿廓曲线；建立起高速滚子链链速方程，通过对高速滚子链与普通滚子链链速曲线的对比分析，从理论上验证了高速滚子链具有良好的传动性能；最后，建立起高速滚子链共轭啮合线方程，对其整个啮合区间进行了分析，进一步研究了链轮齿廓曲线方程，确定了主要参数的设计方法的问题，并同时指出了不足之处。

With the rapid development of the Global Position System in the world, particularly in the mobile phone business, higher and higher performance has been put forward, not only circular polarization, but also their appearance and system integration requirements, especially in the research on miniaturization.

随着全球定位系统在全球的快速发展，特别是在手机业务中的使用，使得对GPS天线要求越来越高，不仅要满足其圆极化的特性，对其外观及与系统集成度方面的要求也进一步增多，特别是在小型化的研究上，除此之外，还要求降低其成本，才是其能广泛推广的关键。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。