对准

Initial alignment is one of the key technologies which affect the effectiveness of the inertial navigation system.

惯导系统的初始对准是影响系统使用性能的关键技术之一，对准的精度与速度直接关系到惯性系统的精度与启动特性。

The test precision of initial measure system cannot exceed the precision limited by alignment error, so initial alignment is a very important problem in develop and application of the system.

惯性测量系统的测量精度不可能优于对准误差所限定的精度，因此初始对准是捷联惯导系统的研制与应用中一个关键的问题。

A particularly investigation is carried out to the observibility of in-flight alignment using numerical simulation when the aircraft performs four kinds of basic maneuvre, namely linear acceleration, yawing, pitching and rolling. The thesis summarizes the two kinds of maneuvre. Simulation results show that the precision of transform alignment reach 5 minutes in 10 seconds if the aircraft performs two well-defined maneuvres.

首先本文采用数值分析的方法研究了直线运动、航向角运动、俯仰角运动和横滚角运动对传递对准系统可观性的影响规律；再结合飞机的实际运动，给出了空空导弹传递对准时的飞机飞行轨迹；"蛇形"飞行轨迹和摇摆运动飞行轨迹，仿真结果表明：按这两条飞行轨迹机动，在10s内传递对准精度可达到5′以下。

In this paper, based on the concept of normal quaternion, a new algorithm for the initial alignment of the integrated system is studied; the alignment algorithm is processed only on the basis of the position and velocity data of GPS.

基于规范化四元数的概念，研究了一种仅利用GPS的位置和速度数据对组合系统进行初始对准的新算法，克服了传统滤波方法进行初始对准存在的诸多局限性。

In the paper, we separatively discuss image geometric registration and photometric registration.

我们分别讨论了直接法的图像的几何学对准和光度学对准。

In chapter 4, a method of coordinate alignment based on relative motion is discussed at length and the corresponding experiment is designed.

在信息对准部分，论文对基于相对运动的信息对准方法进行了详细描述，并讨论了系统实验和方法有效性验证实验的设计。

This method can largely improve the accuracy of alignment and repeatability.

这种方法很大程度上提高了拉伸试样的轴向对准精度和重复对准精度。

This algorithm constructs the combined envelope by selecting the larger elements in each range bin of the two unaligned echoes, and a new principle based on minimum sum is utilized to measure the alignment.

该算法选取待对准两回波中各距离单元中的较大值构成合成包络，并依据合成包络的和是否达到最小这一新准则来衡量回波是否对准。

Retroreflector array is used as pseudo phase conjugator in the system. The fidelity of the conjugate wave and matching problem of the retroreflector array and Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensor is discussed. Several data fusion methods are presented in order to having two Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensors control one set of wavefront corrector. The misalignment errors of Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensor and arrangement errors of wavefront sensor and deformable mirror are analyzed. At the same time, numerical work based on the data of practically system, such as 61 element AO system, are done corresponding to the problem respectively and the results are given.The system of CP/CM AO is setup to fulfill all the functions.

针对不同的应用环境，提出了四种CP／CM衍生光路；进行了关键器件——角反射器阵列的保真度分析，给出了角反射器阵列作为伪相位共轭器件，与哈特曼—夏克波前传感器的匹配条件，认为角反射器阵列的布局要与哈特曼波前传感器的微透镜阵列布局完全对应，才能达到最优探测效果；提出了四种双哈特曼传感器控制一套波前校正器的数据融合方式，并逐一进行了分析，认为加修正因子斜率融合和电压融合方式在目前工程中是适用的，并进行了相应的数值模拟；给出了哈特曼传感器自身的调整误差分析过程，得到了误差可通过常规标定消除的判断依据；通过数值计算，得到了常规自适应光学系统和CP／CM系统哈特曼传感器和变形镜的对准误差对系统性能的影响，给出了两种系统对于不同对准误差情况下校正效果的变化情况和相应系统容限；以37单元自适应光学系统为基础，搭建了CP／CM自适应光学系统光路，并完成了系列CP／CM功能实现实验，运用双哈特曼传感器数据融合，成功实现了CP／CM自适应光学系统的闭环实验。

Retroreflector array is used as pseudo phase conjugator in the system. The fidelity of the conjugate wave and matching problem of the retroreflector array and Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensor is discussed. Several data fusion methods are presented in order to having two Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensors control one set of wavefront corrector. The misalignment errors of Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensor and arrangement errors of wavefront sensor and deformable mirror are analyzed. At the same time, numerical work based on the data of practically system, such as 61 element AO system, are done corresponding to the problem respectively and the results are given. The system of CP/CM AO is setup to fulfill all the functions. Through the data fusion of two Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensors, the system runs successfully and realizes the close loop. It lays a good foundation for the application of CP/CM AO. Another aspect of this paper is to expand the working band of Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensor through Frequency Transfer of Nonlinear Optics.

针对不同的应用环境，提出了四种CP／CM衍生光路；进行了关键器件——角反射器阵列的保真度分析，给出了角反射器阵列作为伪相位共轭器件，与哈特曼—夏克波前传感器的匹配条件，认为角反射器阵列的布局要与哈特曼波前传感器的微透镜阵列布局完全对应，才能达到最优探测效果；提出了四种双哈特曼传感器控制一套波前校正器的数据融合方式，并逐一进行了分析，认为加修正因子斜率融合和电压融合方式在目前工程中是适用的，并进行了相应的数值模拟；给出了哈特曼传感器自身的调整误差分析过程，得到了误差可通过常规标定消除的判断依据；通过数值计算，得到了常规自适应光学系统和CP／CM系统哈特曼传感器和变形镜的对准误差对系统性能的影响，给出了两种系统对于不同对准误差情况下校正效果的变化情况和相应系统容限；以37单元自适应光学系统为基础，搭建了CP／CM自适应光学系统光路，并完成了系列CP／CM功能实现实验，运用双哈特曼传感器数据融合，成功实现了CP／CM自适应光学系统的闭环实验。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。