寰

Objective: To clarify the technical parameters in posterior atlanto-occipital transarticular screw fixation and discuss the clinical significance of occipitocervical junction fixation with transarticular screws.

目的：明确后路寰枕关节经关节螺钉固定的技术参数；探讨枕颈部经关节螺钉内固定技术的临床意义。

Direction and length of trajectory are the key of posterior atlano-occipital transarticular fixation, if combined with C1-C2 transarticular fixation, it will be an ideal fixation method for occipitocervical fusion.

寰枕关节后路经关节螺钉植入存在一定的方向性和钉道长度，结合后路C1-C2经关节螺钉内固定后可视为能满足当前临床需要的一种相对理想的枕颈融合内固定术式。

Clinical results showed that posterior screw fixation on atlas could relieve spinal and neural oppression immediately,improve clinical symptoms,have good immediate postoperative stability,keep the movement of occipitocervical region,and showed its advantages in very high successful fusion rate,and very few instrument failure,morbidity and complications.

临床结果显示：后路寰椎螺钉固定技术能即刻解除脊髓神经压迫、缓解症状，有较好的即刻稳定性，保留枕颈间的运动功能，并且有融合率极高，断钉率、疾病复发以及术后并发症极少等优越性。

And then the occipitocervical fusion, Brook-Jenkin atlantoaxial fusion, odontoid process compressive screw and vertebral double screws fixture were performed according to different fractures or dislocations.

交通事故伤30例，高处坠落伤6例。临床均有颈部疼痛、活动受限。有不同程度神经受压症状与体征者25例。根据损伤类型，分别采用枕颈框架植骨融合术，Brook-Jenkin寰枢椎融合术，齿状突直接加压螺钉内固定术，前路椎体双螺钉固定术。

The authors suggested that peroral clearance of focal lesion should be performed without delay if atlantoaxial spinetuberculosis was with retropharyngeal abscess and sequestra.

认为，寰枢椎结核有咽后壁脓肿和死骨时，应及时行经口腔病灶清除术。

Posterior C1-C2 fusion with polyaxial screw and rod fixation.

经寰椎&椎弓根&螺钉内固定技术的临床应用。

Otherwise considered the axis and atlas fusion surgery or the pulvinar neck fusion technical according to extent of damage and type formulating surgery plan .Conlusions: X-ray inspection was routine method of the cervical part injure .

骨性结构损伤和韧带断裂或脱位者，考虑行寰枢椎融合手术或者枕颈融合术，具体根据损伤程度和类型制定手术方案。

Methods. A 26-year-old man with Down syndrome suffered from retropharyngeal infection, after which his atlantoaxial subluxation was aggravated and myelopathy developed.

一26岁男性唐氏综合症患者，在咽后部感染后，继发日益严重的寰枢椎半脱位，并发生脊髓病。

Glossopharyngeal Nerve crosses the deep surface of the stylopharyngeus muscle 23 to 47 mm cephalic to the bifurcation of the carotid artery and 7 to 15 mm from the tip of the styloid process .

在颗下窝区，茎突根部、鼓板下缘、寰椎横突、乳突尖以及下领角等可作为舌咽神经颅外部分的参考标志。3在乳突尖到下领角轴线区，切除二腹肌后腹时应注意区别和保护舌咽神经。

Results. The normal atlantoaxial relation was restored and the torticollis resolved.

结果：手术恢复了正常寰枢椎关系，并纠正了斜颈。

Plunder melds and run with this jewel!

掠夺melds和运行与此宝石！

My dream is to be a crazy growing tree and extend at the edge between the city and the forest.

此刻，也许正是在通往天国的路上，我体验着这白色的晕旋。